Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

水中林丹的固相微萃取与气相色谱耦合研究

介绍了一种改进的固相微萃取技术(SPME)、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GCLECD)联用测定水中林丹的新方法.该法将萃取了林丹的PDMS纤维用少量有机溶剂解吸,解吸后的有机溶剂进入气相色谱检测,从而实现固相微萃取与自动进样器的耦合.通过评价吸附时间、解吸时间、温度、pH等条件对萃取效率的影响,确定如下实验条件:吸附时间120 min、解吸时间60 min、室温(25℃).当林丹加标浓度为20 ng/mL时,该法与GC-ECD耦合后的回收率为82%,检测限为21 ng/L,相对标准偏差为0.8%,浓度-响应曲线在2.5～40 ng/mL时呈线性(R2=0.993,N=5).该法已应用到太湖水样中林丹的监测.