A TEM study on the microstructure of spark plasma sintered ZrB_2-based composite with nano-sized SiC dopant

Sintering behavior of ZrB_2 ceramic with nano-sized SiC dopant was studied. ZrB_2-25 vol% nano-sized SiC was selected as the starting mixture to fabricate the composite. The manufacturing process was accomplished at 1800℃ for 5 min under 25 MPa via spark plasma sintering(SPS). The as-sintered sample reached a relative density of 99%. Besides the initial phases, namely ZrB_2 and SiC, the high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD) was used to study the formation of an in-situ ZrC phase. The possible chemical interactions during the ZrC phase formation were scrutinized. The microstructure of the composite was studied by the field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Elemental analysis through FESEM evaluations revealed the formation of amorphous phases, rich in Zr, C, Si, B, and O elements, which was in harmony with the thermodynamical assessments. TEM studies endorsed the formation of such phases, containing a glassy bed of Si–B–O with ZrC and C islands dispersed therein.     

Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of low-grade saprolitic laterite nickel ore by coal in the temperature range of 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO–CaF2–H3BO3

The method of producing ferronickel at low temperature(1250–1400℃)has been applied since the 1950s at Nippon Yakin Kogyo,Oheyama Works,Japan.Limestone was used as an additive to adjust the slag composition for lowering the slag melting point.The ferronickel product was recovered by means of a magnetic separator from semi-molten slag and metal after water quenching.To increase the efficiency of magnetic separation,a large particle size of ferronickel is desired.Therefore,in this study,the influences of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃ additives on the evolution of ferronickel particle at≤1250℃were investigated.The experiments were conducted at 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃.The reduction processes were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace for 2 h under argon atmosphere.At 1250℃,with the CaO addition of 10 wt%of the ore weight,ferronickel particles with size of 20μm were obtained.The ferronickel particle size increased to 165μm by adding 10 wt%CaO and 10 wt%CaF₂.The addition of boric acid further increased the ferronickel particle size to 376μm,as shown by the experiments with the addition of 10 wt%CaO,10 wt%CaF₂,and 10 wt%H₃BO₃.     

石灰炉渣在道路基层施工中的应用

根据沥青路改建和新建工程实践,介绍了石灰炉渣及其基层的基本特性和一般组成,说明了其施工程序与要点,可供道路施工技术与管理人员参考.     

制备泡沫铝的一种新方法:烧结溶解法

烧结溶解法是近几年发展起来的一种制造泡沫铝的新工艺，具有可以精确控制孔洞形状，尺寸和孔隙率及其分布等特点，具有较好的质量价格综合指数，是生产均匀或梯度微细开孔中密度泡沫铝的有效方法，所制泡沫铝在吸能，吸音等领域有广泛的应用前景。本文简要介绍烧结溶解法的原理与工艺，所制泡沫铝的组织特征与机械性能，并讨论与其它各类现有方法相比所具有的优势与局限。     

矿化剂和烧成温度对合成锆莫来石材料的显微结构与性能的影响

运用精细化工艺方法,选择适当的矿化剂,采用矾土生料和锆英石砂烧结合成锆莫来石材料,试验表明:引入矿化剂或提高烧成温度均可以促进锆英石的分解,加速固相反应和烧结的进行。1550℃保温2小时烧后的试样具有良好的显微结构和常温性能。     

合理垂直烧结速度的研究

通过考查气流速度的变化研究垂直烧结速度随烧结过程的变化规律。结果表明:垂直烧结速度并非固定不变,而是随着烧结过程的逐步进行发生显著变化;点火保温后,随烧结物理化学反应的进行,燃烧带逐渐形成并变宽且产生过湿现象,导致料层的透气性显著变差,烧结速度显著下降,直至约25 min后过湿层完全消失,透气性变好,烧结速度迅速上升。根据垂直烧结速度变化规律,通过改变负压烧结,进行烧结速度优化实验,结果表明:在保持转鼓强度及成品率基本不变的情况下,将垂直烧结速度由20.08 mm/min提高到21.82 mm/min,利用系数由1.401 t/(m2-h)提高到1.587 t/(m2-h)。     

铁铝原子在金属间化合物形成中的扩散

采用铁铝扩散偶,研究铁铝原子在化合反应中的扩散和金属间化合物的形成机理,扩散偶在铁铝低共熔反应温度上下进行热处理,结果表明,扩散偶在低于共熔反应温度处理时,在扩散偶铁－铝界面铁的一侧,通过铝原子的扩散,形成了富铝相金属间化合物ＦｅＡｌ２;而在高于共熔反应温度处理时,则在铁－铝界面上,通过铁、铝原子的互扩散形成了金属间化合物Ｆｅ３Ａｌ５,并随时间向两旁生长,两种化合物均为多孔体。研究发现铁、铝原子的     

激光烧结陶瓷粉末成形零件的研究

实验研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷粉末的激光烧结过程,介绍了激光烧结实验装置,分析了烧结参数对烧结过程的影响,得到了激光烧结的Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷零件。所设计的实验装置的结构简单,可满足实验要求。     

冲击波作用下粉末颗粒效应及其形成过程

采用两种颗粒尺寸相差悬珠的高速钢粉末进行爆炸烧结机制的研究,发现了明显的“颗粒效应”,烧结过程首先在小颗粒变形量最大的尖角处发生熔化,在冲击波作用下使液体流激烈运动,加速了颗粒的熔化,最后使颗粒相互粘结在一起,达到烧结的目的。     

反应热压法制备B4C基复合材料的烧结致密化研究

通过在B4C中添加Si3N4以及少量的SiC和TiC,在1 820~1 900℃,30 MPa的热压条件下反应生成了B4C基轻质复合材料,烧结助剂为(Al2O3+Y2O3)。结合材料的断口SEM形貌,分析讨论了烧结致密化过程,结果表明:在相同烧结温度下,随基体相B4C含量的增多,复合材料变得更难烧结;对同成分组成的复合材料来说,随着烧结温度的升高,最终得到的材料致密度有所提高。两步烧结过程中的降温保温阶段,有利于放热反应的彻底进行,使最终复相陶瓷组织中含有少量细小的TiB2和BN相,同时,放热反应可以维持致密化进程的继续进行,这对于提高复合材料的强度和韧性有利。