中国古代暗花丝织物

暗花丝织物是中国古代丝绸的一个重要品种。本文试将其分类和发展情况,作为中国织物品种发展史的一个章节来加以讨论。上述织物可以分成五大类——平纹类、斜纹类、缎纹类、绞经类和起绒类。每大类中又各有几种不同的类型。平纹类的典型品种是商式绮、第一种汉式绮和第二种汉式绮,而商式绮是世界上最古老的提花织物。斜纹类丝织物有两个重要的典型品种——同单位异向绫和异单位同向绫。暗花缎(即缎纹类暗花丝织物)的产生年代可以上溯至宋、元时期;明代以前大多为五枚缎和六枚缎,清代八枚缎较多。五大类暗花丝织物中,绞经类的变化形式最多,其变化表现于各种纱罗织物的组织、纹样和风格之中。起绒类仅两种:一为单色漳缎,于缎地上起绒花;一为花漳绒,其花纹由手工“雕”成。     

Development and Mechanical Properties of a Novel Woven Artificial Tracheal Stent

In this paper, the development of existing artificial tracheal stents was briefly introduced. Their structures, strengths and weaknesses were analyzed. A new woven artificial tracheal stent that used leno-based construction was designed and fabricated at last. Additionally, a preliminary mechanical study was carried out on the new artificial tracheal stent, such as the radial supporting force and the elastic restoring force, making foundation for application of the new artificial tracheal stent.