Fermentation of xylose to produce ethanol by recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> strain containing <Emphasis Type="Italic">XYLA</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">XKS1</Emphasis>

Fermentation of the pentose sugar xylose to produce ethanol using lignocellulosic biomass would make bioethanol production economically more competitive. Saccharomyce cerevisise, an efficient ethanol producer, cannot utilize xylose because it lacks the ability to convert xylose to its isomer xylulose. In this study, XYLA gene encoding xylose isomerase (XI) from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4T and XKS1 gene encoding xylulokinase (XK) from Pichia stipitis were cloned and functionally coexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EF-326 to construct a recombinant xylose-utilizing strain. The resulting strain S. cerevisiae EF 1014 not only grew on xylose as sole carbon source, but also produced ethanol under anaerobic conditions. Fermentations performed with different xylose concentrations at different temperatures demonstrated that the highest ethanol productivity was 0.11 g/g xylose when xylose concentration was provided at 50 g/L. Under this condition, 28.4% of xylose was consumed and 1.54 g/L xylitol was formed. An increasing fermentation temperature from 30℃ to 37℃ did not improve ethanol yield.     

淀粉接枝共聚物共固定糖化酶和葡萄糖异构酶研究

以多孔球状淀粉接枝共聚物为载体,以对一卜硫酸酯乙砜基苯胺（SESA）为载体活化剂,采用重氮化法共价偶联共固定糖化酶和葡萄糖异构酶．该共固定双酶体系适用于各种类型的淀粉底物,在PH6．0,60℃条件下,共固定双酶体系能将5％（质量浓度）DE－27糊精一步转化为果糖含量为20％的果葡糖浆,其催化效率是天然酶体系的1．6倍．     

大黄欧文菌中蔗糖异构酶基因的克隆表达及应用

以大黄欧文菌(Erwinia rhapontici)NX-5基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到编码蔗糖异构酶(SIase)的基因palⅠ,构建克隆载体pUC18-palⅠ。经测序正确后,将palⅠ亚克隆至表达载体pET-22b(+)上,并在E.coliBL21(DE3)中成功表达相对分子质量约为66 000的可溶性蛋白。通过Ni-NTA柱对表达产物进行纯化,纯酶的比活为40 U/mg。转化条件研究表明:重组菌能够高效转化质量分数为50%的蔗糖溶液,转化液中异麦芽酮糖得率为85%。     

Construction of the glucose isomerase deficient strain ofStreptomyces M1033 by homologous recombination

After the establishment of the transformation conditions ofStreptomyces diastaticus No.7 Strain M1033, the integration plasmid pXW for homologous recombination, which contains a 600 bp fragment of incompleteGI (G138P. G247D) gene, has been constructed in order to realize the stable overexpression of theGI (G138P. G247D) which is valuable for large-scale industrial production. The Gigene’s disruption has been realized by pXW’s integration into M1033 chromosomes via homologous recombination andGI deficient strain ofStreptomyces M1033 has been obtained. The reliability of introduction of mutation has been proved by analysis of recombinant fragment and affirmance of existence of the mutation, as well as detection of the stability of the deficient strain.     

磁场影响固定化葡萄糖异构酶活性的研究

采用丹麦Novo公司测固定化葡萄糖异构酶 (SweetzymeT)活力的反应体系 ,用半胱氨酸 -咔唑法评价酶的活性 ,研究了磁场在不同条件下对酶活力的影响。实验发现 :在不同磁化时间、温度、磁场强度和pH条件下磁化底物 ,使其活性增加可达 2 8 6 % ,并且具有可逆性 ,但磁化固定化酶或磁场作用于酶—底物反应体系 ,未见酶活力的明显变化。     

链霉菌M1033葡萄糖异构酶的分离纯化及其性质的研究

链霉菌M1033菌株所产的葡萄糖异构酶培养液经二级(NH_4)_2SO_4沉淀、DEAE-Sephadex A50,Sephadex-G150柱层析分离纯化,可得到电泳均一的纯酶。该酶的全分子量为91000左右,由两个相同的亚基组成。其pI为4.3,经糖染色后证明并非糖蛋白;最适反应温度70℃,在该温度下分别以D-木糖和D-葡萄糖为底物,测得最适pH分别为8.0和8.3。该酶为金属激活酶。Co~(2 )和Mg~(2 )对该酶有激活作用,Ca~(2 )则使之几乎失活。金属离子的激活作用随底物而异。动力学研究表明,该酶对D-木糖有更大的亲和性。     

底物及其类似物对葡萄糖异构酶有关光谱的影响

采用均一态葡萄糖异构酶为试样,在其与底物或底物类似物共存下,测定了UV谱、荧光光谱和CD谱。     

葡萄糖异构酶的双层固定化及其在高果糖浆工业化生产中的应用

在对多孔三甲铵甲基聚苯乙烯(TMPS)载体的合成研究基础上，运用分子沉积技术，完成葡萄糖异构酶(GI)200ks双层固定化试验，并在万吨生产线上进行1700t果葡糖浆生产试验。结果表明，开发的双层固定化葡萄糖异构酶(IGI)活力可达到2200μmol/min·g于胶，活力回收率达68．5%。载体机械强度良好，双层IGI的活力比单层IGI活力提高114%，IGI的半衰期45d左右，3个半衰期的转化力为11840kg干基葡萄糖/kgIGI。这一结果与普通IGI相比，相同高果糖浆生产能力的异构化装置可缩小1倍，载体用量可减少1倍。