影响遗传规划基因内区的因素分析

通过众多的试验和分析 ,证实遗传规划的个体中存在基因内区 ,它对进化的收敛既有积极作用也有消极作用 .文中通过对有关遗传操作方法和参数的研究 ,定性地分析了它们对基因内区的影响 ,并指出抑制基因内区消极作用的途径 .     

内含子序列“三碱基组”的信息分析

在对编码序列的碱基分布作大量统计分析的基础上，对内含子序列中Ｇ、Ｃ的分布作了统计分析．发现内含子在“三碱基组”的意义下，第一位上（Ｇ＋Ｃ）含量占优势．如果将同一基因的外显子三联密码和内含子“三碱基组”做比较，发现在内含子中出现而外显子中没有的那些三碱基组，它们大多属于Ｌｉó所列出的“非偏爱”密码     

Introns in higher plant genes

The intron is an important component of eukaryotic gene. Extensive studies have been conducted to get a better understanding of its structure and function. This paper presents a brief review of the structure and function of introns in higher plant genes. It is shown that higher plant introns possess structural properties shared by all eukaryotic introns, however, they also exhibit a striking degree of diversity. The process of intron splicing in higher plant genes involves interaction between multiple cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors, such as 5′ splicing site, 3′ splicing site and many protein factors. The process of intron splicing is an important level at which gene expression is regulated. Especially alternative splicing of intron can regulate time and space of gene expression. In addition, some introns in higher plant genes also regulate gene expression by affecting the pattern of gene expression, enhancing the level of gene expression and driving the gene expression.     

果蝇内含子和编码序列的信息参数D_2沿染色体分布

本文以果蝇染色体的内含子和编码序列作为研究对象,用信息参数D2分析两类序列沿着染色体的分布规律,并用多项式拟合分析染色体各类序列沿染色体的统计分布特征,分析D2参数的平均值在不同的染色体臂的分布特征.     

Analysis of intron sequence variability of the conservative HMG-box of Sox9 genes in allotetraploids and their original parents

The Sox genes of allotetraploids and their original maternal red crucian carp (Carassius caassius red var.) and original paternal common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were detected by PCR with the designed primers based on the conserved HMG-box sequence in different species. Sequencing of Sox genes indicated that two Sox9 genes (Atsox9a and Atsox9b) existed in allotetraploids, while only one Sox9 gene existed in red crucian carp (Rcsox9a) and common carp (Ccsox9b) . All of the four Sox9 genes contained an intron in the HMG-box. with the sizes of 413 bp, 703 bp, 401 bp and 714 bp, respectively. Moreover, the introns obeyed the rule of "GT-AG" . A high similarity was observed between introns of Atsox9a and Rcsox9a (94.4%), Atsox9b and Ccsox9b (97.8%). Interestingly, the deduced amino acid sequences of their corresponding exons all shared 100% identity. Thus, introns of the HMG-domain of Sox9s in allotetraploids and their original parents have not only the length polymorphism but also intron variability. Our results provide significant molecular evidence for the origin and evolution of allotetraploids.     

基因组的进化与内含子中的基因的进化

论述了基因组整体进化过程中内含子所含的基因的进化．分析了内含子的起源方式与内含子中的基因种类的关系,并结合基因组在大小、组成等方面进化过程中内含子的演化趋势,探讨了内含子中的基因,特别是核仁小分子ＲＮＡ基因的进化规律．同时,对于内含子中的基因的进化,提出了一些可能的途径．     

Ubi1 intron-mediated enhancement of the expression of Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize (Zea mays L.)

The cry1Ah gene was one of novel insecticidal genes cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BT8. Two plant expression vectors containing cry1Ah gene were constructed. The first intron of maize ubiqutin1 gene was inserted between the maize Ubiquitin promoter and cry1Ah gene in one of the plant expressing vectors (pUUOAH). The two vectors were introduced into maize immature embryonic calli by microprojectile bombardment, and the reproductively plants were acquired. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that foreign genes had been integrated into maize genome and inherited to the next generation stably. The ELISA assay to T1 and T2 generation plants showed that the expression of Cry1Ah protein in the construct containing the ubi1 intron (pUUOAH) was 20% higher than that of the intronless construct (pUOAH). Bioassay results showed that the transgenic maize harboring cry1Ah gene had high resistance to the Asian corn borers and the insecticidal activity of the transgenic maize containing the ubi1 intron was higher than that of the intronless construct. These results indicated that the maize ubi1 intron can enhance the expression of the Bt cry1Ah gene in transgenic maize efficiently     

Functional analysis of the larval serum protein gene promoter from silkworm <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori.</Emphasis>

The regulation region of larval serum protein gene, Bombyx mori. (BmLSP), consisting of the first intron, the first exon, the central promoter region and 5′-upstream region, is cloned from genomic DNA from the silkworm va-riety of Suju譓inghu. Using PCR and restriction endonu-clease methods, a series of luciferase reporter plasmids, driven by different length of BmLSP promoters, are con-structed. Via the transient expression system in BmN cells, the effects of the regulation elements and foreign insect hor-mones on the BmLSP promoter activity are investigated. The results demonstrate that the promoter activity of BmLSP is 5.8- or 4.4-fold higher than that of BmLSPs whose first in-tron or the element in 5′-upstream region harboring the homologous sequence with the first intron of light-chain fib-roin gene (EHIF) is deleted, respectively, suggesting that both the first intron and EHIF contain the main positive cis-acting elements. However, the inactive mariner transposable ele-ment (MTE) in 5′-upstream region presents a negative effect. Furthermore, the effects of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) on the BmLSP promoter activity show a typical dose-dependent manner, that is, low concentration treat-ments increase the BmLSP promoter activity and high con-centration treatments decrease it. Meanwhile, insect ecdy-sone (MH) treatments present no significant effect.     

线虫基因组外显子与内含子序列特征研究

根据外显子在密码子三个位点上的分布不均匀性 ,引入非均匀指标 H I,来研究线虫基因外显子与内含子的序列特征 .通过推广 H I参数 ,定义干涉指标 R,对外显子和内含子的多个片段的特征进行研究 ,得到了 R值分布以及与外显子和内含子片段的关系 .