经鼻滴注氟马西尼在小儿门诊手术麻醉后催醒作用的观察

目的观察经鼻滴注氟马西尼对小儿门诊手术麻醉后的催醒作用。方法38例ASAⅠ级的小儿行门诊小手术后随机分为两组,一组经鼻滴注氟马西尼40μg/kg(用药组),另一组不用药(对照组)。结果用药组的麻醉清醒显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论40μg/kg氟马西尼用于小儿手术麻醉后,清醒时间可明显缩短。     

Stress and putative endogenous ligands for benzodiazepine receptors: The importance of characteristics of the aversive situation and of differential emotionality in experimental animals

The relationships between anxiety/stress, possible endogenous ligands for benzodiazepine receptors and the behavioral modification by drugs are discussed in this short review, including the specific characteristics of elements involved in those interactions, e.g. ones concerning the aversiveness of the stressful situation and the nature of the organism under investigation. These are important factors when considering aversive tasks, insofar as they may involve stressful conditions which differ in intensity and in the degree of control afforded the subject. These characteristics may well lead to differing functional effects on GABA-gated chloride channels or, in other words, to an incongruous balance between endogenous benzodiazepine receptor agonist and inverse agonist activity. This is not surprising, as it is well known that different forms of stressors often actually produce divergent behavioral, physiological and biochemical effects. This review also illustrates the necessity of taking into account the variable effects of stressors and/or drugs on animals differing in reactivity or emotionality, even in the case of non-selected stocks. The implication is made that, by genetic and/or environmental manipulation of the emotional state of the animals used, it will be possible to obtain more clearly definable results in neuropharmacological and psychopharmacological studies.