白鹭和牛背鹭肠蛋白酶理化特性的研究

对白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)雏鸟肠蛋白酶进行研究.两种鹭类的肠蛋白酶存在着许多共同的理化特性,包括分子量(39.4 kD)、等电点(5.4~7.5)、耐热性、抗冻融能力、最适温度(65℃)、最适 pH(9.0 和 8.6)等,而且两种鹭类的肠道蛋白酶对重金属离子Ag+和Hg2+、EDTA、或 Ca2+ 和 Mg2+ 的影响也表现出相同的反应.白鹭和牛背鹭的肠蛋白酶比活力存在着不显著的差异(1.63±0.62SE和 2.21±0.80SE)( 'P>0.05).白鹭和牛背鹭肠道蛋白酶为中性蛋白酶.活性中心的研究表明:两种鹭类的肠道蛋白酶的活性中心都含有色氨酸和丝氨酸残基,但是不含精氨酸、半胱氨酸和氨基,因此,主要为丝氨酸蛋白酶.     

不同动物小肠肌间神经丛内NOS神经元分布的比较

采用NADPH-黄递酶组织化学法对草鱼、牛蛙、家鸡和大鼠小肠肌间神经丛内NOS阳性神经元的分布进行了比较研究．结果表明，NOS阳性产物在草鱼肌间神经丛中未见分布，而在其它几类动物中阳性反应明显．但在不同动物NOS阳性神经元的形态、分布、密度及神经纤维的分布存在差异．在牛蛙、家鸡和大鼠的小肠肌间神经丛中，NOS阳性神经元的分布从分散到集中，形态呈现由不规则形到规则形再到不规则形的复杂变化；神经节从无到有，神经网络由不发达趋于发达；而在每种动物中，NOS阳性神经元的密度沿肠道由前向后基本呈上升趋势，这种节段性的差异牛蛙极显著，家鸡和大鼠则不甚显著．实验结果提示，随着动物的进化，一氧化氮能神经元在肠肌间神经丛中的分布也更加复杂而有序，从而使胃肠道的调节更加精确．     

Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects

AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance signals.METHODS: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 cm-segment.Each subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12%...     

Gastrointestinal transit and digestibility of maltitol,sucrose and sorbitol in rats: A multicompartmental model and recovery study

Using data obtained with a dye marker and the gavage technique, the kinetics of gastrointestinal transit of different loads of sugar substitutes (maltitol, sorbitol) and sugar (sucrose) in the rat were analysed using a linear multicompartmental model over a range from the realistic to the non-physiologic high, of carbohydrate intake levels and using only a few experimental time points. The model gave detailed insight into intestinal propulsion and gastrocecal transit time. Rate constants of transport between the compartments investigated were determined; they showed characteristics which could be related to the substance and the dosage administered. Analyses of the gastrointestinal content and calculations of the intestinal net water movement showed that the digestibility and absorption of the disaccharide sugar alcohol, maltitol, in the small gut depended inversely on the dose ingested. For all substances tested, caloric availability in the small intestine was calculated. At a physiological low level of maltitol intake, the results also indicated an insignificant calorie-saving effect in comparison to sucrose, an effect based mainly on the slow absorption rate of the maltitol cleavage product sorbitol.     

运动对Wistar大白鼠小肠动力功能的影响

选取清洁级30只Wistar大白鼠随机分成三组,以小肠推进长度的百分比为指标。通过观察Wistar大白鼠在运动前、运动中30min和运动后30min小肠的推进程度变化,确定运动对Wistar大白鼠小肠推进活动的影响。实验结果表明:运动中30min的Wistar大白鼠的小肠推进程度比对照组降低;运动后30min组的Wistar大白鼠的小肠推进程度明显高于另外两组。从而得出运动有助于小肠推进活动功能,小肠动力功能能提高的结论。     

Functions of fatty acid binding proteins

Summary Cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) belong to a gene family of which eight members have been conclusively identified. These 14–15 kDa proteins are abundantly expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. Although the functions of the cytosolic FABP are not clearly established, they appear to enhance the transfer of long-chain fatty acids between artificial and native lipid membranes, and also to have a stimulatory effect on a number of enzymes of fatty acid metabolism in vitro. These findings, as well as the tissue expression, ligand binding properties, ontogeny and regulation of these proteins provide a considerable body of indirect evidence supporting a broad role for the FABP in the intracellular transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. The available data also support the existence of structure- and tissue-specific specialization of function among different members of the FABP gene family. Moreover, FABP may also have a possible role in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation, possibly by virtue of their affinity for ligands such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and fatty acids, which are known to influence cell growth activity. FABP structurally unrelated to the cytosolic gene family have also been identified in the plasma membranes of several tissues (FABP_pm). These proteins have not been fully characterized to date, but strong evidence suggests that they function in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.     

Intercellular dye-coupling in intestinal smooth muscle. Are gap junctions required for intercellular coupling?

Summary The dye Lucifer Yellow was injected into single smooth muscle cells in the guinea pig small intestine in order to study intercellular coupling. Dye-coupling was observed in both the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and was markedly reduced when the intercellular pH was lowered. These results suggest the presence of gap junctions among intestinal muscle cells, but are inconsistent with previous ultrastructural studies that failed to demonstrate such junctions in the longitudinal muscle.     

Effect of pancreatic secretions upon ileal disaccharidase activities of neonatal miniature pigs

Summary Mechanisms by which pancreatic secretions influence disaccharidase activities in the distal small intestine have been investigated in 1-week-old miniature pigs. Using a combination of biochemical, cytochemical and morphological techniques it has been found that the decrease in lactase specific activity is due solely to a reduction in villus surface area. By contrast, the increased sucrase-isomaltase activities, which occur despite the reduction in villus surface area, are due entirely to increased enzyme expression during enterocyte differentiation.     

Neuropeptides and the microcircuitry of the enteric nervous system

Summary The discovery of neuropeptides in enteric neurons has revolutionized the study of the microcircuitry of the enteric nervous system. Form immunohistochemistry, it is now clear that some individual enteric neurons contain several different neuropeptides with or without other transmitter-specific markers and that these markers occur in various combinations. There is evidence from experiments in which nerve pathways are interrupted that populations of enteric neurons with different combinations of markers have different projection patterns, sending their processes to distinct targets using different routes. Correlations between the neurochemistry of enteric neurons and the types of synaptic inputs they receive are also beginning to emerge from electrophysiological studies. These findings imply that enteric neurons are chemically coded by the combinations of peptides and other transmitter-related substances they contain and that the coding of each population correlates with its role in the neuronal pathways that control gastrointestinal function.     

265例老年大肠癌患者临床分析

大肠癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,特别是在老年人群中,发病率有逐年增高的趋势.大肠癌的诊断主要依靠临床表现和肠镜检查等手段,主要临床表现有腹痛、肠道出血、肠梗阻等.其临床分型大体可分为息肉样型、浸润型、溃疡型3种.显微镜下组织学分类为腺癌、粘液癌和未分化癌.通过对265例老年大肠癌患者进行临床分析,并及早诊断与治疗,有利于提高大肠癌患者的生存率.