广东硇洲岛潮间带蟹类的组成及生态分布

经对硇洲岛潮间带蟹类进行调查，共获蟹类63种，分隶于11科、34属，其中硬相20种，软相43种。硇洲岛蟹类属于南海蟹类区系的成分，几乎完全是热带及亚热带性质。该文对其组成和生态分布进行了详细分析。     

Extended parental care in two endobenthic amphipods

Extended parental care is described for two endobenthic amphipods which inhabit the estuarine soft-bottoms along the Gulf of Maine. The juveniles of both amphipod species, Leptocheirus pinguis and Casco bigelowi, remain in the burrow of their mother after they hatch from the brood pouch. Several consecutive clutches of L. pinguis can inhabit the female's burrow simultaneously, but in C. bigelowi there is always only one clutch of juveniles in the burrow of the female. Larger juveniles of L. pinguis start building their own small tubes at the bottom of the female's burrow. Casco bigelowi females increase the size of their burrows during the time when the juveniles grow. The juveniles of both species leave the female's burrow at about half adult size. The major tasks of female L. pinguis and C. bigelowi during the time of extended parental care is to irrigate and maintain the deep burrow. It is hypothesized that extended parental care in L. pinguis, C. bigelowi and other tube/burrow-living peracarids is a mechanism to protect small offspring from epibenthic predation.     

Ants feeding on anal exudate from tortricid larvae: a new type of trophobiosis

A new type of trophobiosis between tortricid larvae of a hitherto unknown genus and species, and various ant species of the subfamilies Formicinae, Dolichoderinae and Myrmicinae, was found in Malaysia. The larvae live in silken shelters fixed to the leaves of bamboo. In response to mechanical stimuli from the ants, they discharge from the anus a liquid containing sugar and amino acids and/or protein. The tortricid is described as Semutophila saccharopa gen. nov., sp. nov.; a second species, S. susurra sp. nov., is described from New Guinea.     

Invertebrate communities,sediment parameters and food availability of intertidal soft-sediment ecosystems on the north coast of British Columbia,Canada

ABSTRACT

The Skeena River estuary supports commercial and culturally important salmon fisheries. However, considerable development has occurred in the area, and more has been proposed. If anthropogenic development degrades this critical habitat, the Skeena salmon run, that every year contributes $110 million to local economies, may be negatively impacted. Benthic invertebrates are common indicator species, as they often respond to disturbances before commercial species, warning of potential impacts. Unfortunately, invertebrates in the Skeena estuary have not been extensively studied, and we lack the detailed understanding of their community structure and dynamics for them to serve as indicator species in this region. Therefore, present conditions of the Skeena estuary are established here (invertebrate community, sediment conditions and food availability), in order to provide the data required both to anticipate changes associated with potential anthropogenic disturbances and to detect changes in this system if development occurs.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

有机高岭土的制备及对船舶压载水入侵生物的治理

为有效防治船舶压载水外来生物的入侵传播,采用十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA )与高岭土湿法合成有机高岭土,以赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻和天然海水中的异氧细菌、原生动物为目标生物,考察反应温度、反应介质、老化时间和HDTMA 用量等条件对有机高岭土除藻效率的影响.FT-IR、XRD分析表明,HDTMA 与高岭土主要通过离子交换和表面吸附形成稳定的有机-无机复合物.实验结果表明,当有机高岭土的用量为0.030 g.L-1时,24 h内塔马亚历山大藻的去除率大于80%;用量0.10 g.L-1时海水中的异氧细菌无法检出,同时对海水中的部分原生动物也具有较强的灭杀作用.     

知识型企业生命体健康演化仿真

为探索影响知识型企业生命体健康演化的因素,采用元胞自动机建模理论研究了核心智能单元、支持智能单元与动态竞争环境相互作用对知识型企业生命体健康演化的影响.仿真结果表明:核心智能单元的已有业务能力集、动态能力与外部环境变化的匹配程度高,且支持智能单元的健康保持能力与自修复能力强时,使知识型企业生命体维持在健康状态;但当核心智能单元及支持智能单元相关能力与动态环境匹配程度较低或一高一低时,将导致知识型企业生命体处于不健康状态;知识型生命体健康的演化结果对其初始健康状态敏感.     

A bioinformatic evaluation of potential allergenicity of 85 candidate genes in transgenic organisms

The potential of genetically modified organisms(GMOs) to increase allergenicity or predispositions to allergies has attracted much attention.An approach that will properly and holistically evaluate the allergenicity of GMOs is yet to be found.Here,85 transgenes that have been reported in both international and domestic studies during recent years are summarized case by case;49 of the transformed genes were from plant sources and 36 were from animal sources.EVALLERTM,a web server for the in silico assessment of potential protein allergenicity,was used to evaluate the potential of the transgenic proteins as allergens.The biomedical journals listed in Highwire(http://highwire.stanford.edu/) were searched and reviewed to decipher whether any of the transformed genes were linked to allergenicity or human health.The EVALLER analysis identified 5 allergenic genes,whilst our literature review found 11 genes that were either related to allergic cases or to clinical adverse events;all 16 of these genes have been used in GMOs.The analysis pathway that we have developed can help guide the selection of genes to be used in genetic modification.The pathway also provides a paradigm for allergenicity analysis of transgene candidates.     

高效液相色谱反相分离测定海洋生物氨基酸

本文研究了高效液相色谱异硫氰酸苯柱前衍生反相分离测定海洋生物氨基酸.样品采用盐酸水解,异硫氰酸苯柱前衍生,反相分离,流动相为乙睛与水梯度。测定了七种海洋生物的氨基酸.色谱部分变异系数低于2％,氨基酸总量回收率大于98％.     

农林废弃物生物质压块燃料

利用农林废弃物加工成生物质压块燃料是一种新颖的能源，可起到变废为宝，保护环境的作用，值得大力推广。