油田水CaCO_3结垢反应的计算与应用

以热力学计算为基础，广泛采用油田水的数据．计算了ＣａＣＯ３的预测条件，并根据油田生产实际，建立了使用防垢剂时的预测模型．根据理论模型编制成计算机程序，并与文献结果和油田观测结果进行了对比，提出了临界浓度和临界稳定常数的计算和应用方法．为防垢剂的选择提供了理论依据，大量计算表明，预测结果与文献和现场观测结果相符．     

同相水深-辐射关系率定

介绍了水体同相的概念,利用水体地质、地貌、沉积和水文等条件确定水体同相的方法,以及在水体同相前提下建立水深－辐射关系的实用性,并提出了利用稳定水下地形且测深资料的水域进行水深－辐射关系借地率定的新思路,探索了利用卫星遥感测量水下地形的新方法,该方法弥补了以往遥感测深需要低含沙的清澈水体的缺陷。     

滇池水-沉积物界面氮分布特点及其对控制蓝藻水华的意义

 造成水体富营养化的污染源可以分为外源和内源,当湖泊的外源得到控制以后,内源营养盐的释放仍然可以发生富营养化,甚至爆发藻类水华.研究营养物质在水-沉积物界面的地球化学行为,对于控制水体富营养化和水华爆发具有重要意义.以滇池为研究对象,测定了间隙水和上覆水中总氮(TN)、氨态氮(NH₄⁺-N)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和有机氮(ON)的质量浓度.结果表明:①无论在草海还是外海,间隙水中TN,NH₄⁺-N及ON质量浓度均高于上覆水,说明底泥中的氮元素有向水体中扩散的趋势;②草海上覆水及间隙水中TN,NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N质量浓度均高于外海,其受污染的程度比外海高.研究揭示了滇池底泥中氮分布区域和垂直变化特征,阐明了内源氮负荷在湖泊富营养化中所起的作用.     

环境、族群与文化——依山依水族群文化与社会发展研讨会主题讲演

所谓“依山依水”的研讨不是一种地理环境决定论的观点 ,而是要把它看成是人如何利用文化与环境调适互动的系统机制去探讨。在思考人与自然的关系时 ,人类学家要思考人与文化的关系 ,特别是文化怎样在人与环境之间互动 ,进而影响各族群的生计方式、社会组织和宗教信仰等等而形成体系的过程。     

用于骨肿瘤微波热疗的单探头设计

采用有限元数值分析方法，在2．45GHz频率下，针砖临床骨肿瘤微波热疗模型，对目前临床使用的简单同轴探头和改进的缝隙同轴探头在骨组织中产生的电磁场分布及单位质量电磁能量吸收率进行了模拟计算，并进行了简单的实验验证．结果显示：简单同轴探头产生的电磁场能量主要分布在治疗区域外，在治疗组织中分布不均，且对正常组织损伤严重；改进的缝隙探头能较好地把能量传输到组织内部，集中在探头缝隙附近，可通过改变缝隙位置实现对包括顶端组织在内的不同部位的治疗，提高了治疗效率，缩短了时间，减少了对正常组织的损伤及对环境的电磁污染．体外实验结果与模拟结果相吻合，该结果为微波骨肿瘤临床治疗中探头的选择提供了理论依据．     

谈大陆架及其法律地位和划界原则

大陆架指邻接海岸在领海范围外，深度达200公尺或超过此限度而上述水域的深度容许开发其自然资源的海底区域的海床和底土及领近岛屿海岸的类似的海底区域的海床和底土。大陆架的概念随人类海洋活动领域的扩大和科学技术的日益发展而变化发展。大陆架的法律地位包括沿海国在大架的权利及其他国家在大陆架的权利。大陆架的界限及沿海国的海岸线与别国的海岸线相领或相对时大陆架的划界原则。     

我国近海面临的石油污染及其防治

随着我国石油进口量和海上运输量的逐年递增,我国的近海石油污染日益加剧.本文着重分析了我国近海石油污染加剧的背景和原因、海洋石油污染的危害以及防治海洋石油污染的方法与对策.     

物元分析在巢湖富营养化评价中的应用

建立了利用物元分析理论进行湖泊富营养化评价的模型,运用物元分析对巢湖水质富营养化进行综合评价.通过计算关联度得到综合评价结果,用实例与其它主要的几种方法进行了对比,结果令人满意.该法具有计算简便、评价合理的优点.     

Four new records and a new species of Dactylokepon Stebbing, 1910 (Epicaridea: Bopyridae: Ioninae) from Chinese waters

Five species of the parasitic isopod genus Dactylokepon are described from brachyuran crabs and a scyllarid shrimp collected in Chinese waters. Four species are first recorded from this region, D. richardsonae Stebbing, 1910 Stebbing, T. R. R. 1910. Isopod from the Indian Ocean and British East Africa.. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2, Zoology, 14(1): 83–122.  [Google Scholar] infesting Portunus argentatus (White), D. semipennatus Bourdon, 1983 Bourdon, R. 1983. Expédition Rumphius II (1975) Crustacés parasites, commensaux, etc. (Th. Monod éd.). VIII. Crustacés isopodes (3e partie: Épicarides Bopyridae).. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4, 5(A3): 845–869.  [Google Scholar] infesting Portunus haanii (Stimpson) and Lupocyclus rotundatus Adams and White, D. holthuisi Bourdon, 1967 Bourdon, R. 1967. Sur deux nouveaux épicarides (Isopoda) parasites de crustacés decapods.. Zoologische Mededelingen, 42(17): 167–174.  [Google Scholar] infesting Eduarctus martensii (Pfeffer), and D. caribaeus Markham, 1975 Markham, J. C. 1975. New records of two species of parasitic isopods of the bopyrid subfamily Ioninae in the western Atlantic.. Crustaceana, 29(1): 55–67.  [Google Scholar] infesting Randallia trituberculata Sakai. In addition, one species is new to science, D. barbuladigitus n. sp. infesting Liagore rubromaculata (De Haan). Six brachyuran crabs are reported for the first time as hosts of bopyrids. The new species is distinguished from other species of Dactylokepon in having a prominent trifid frontal lamina and a distinct digitate barbula.     

Disentangling an Asian puzzle: Two new bathynellid (Crustacea,Syncarida, Parabathynellidae) genera from Vietnam

In this paper the 17 asiatic species of the family Parabathynellidae are reviewed from a taxonomic point of view using bibliographic data. Two new genera and two new species are described from caves in Vietnam. Paraeobathynella n. g. presents a unique combination of characters (antennule: seven segments; antenna: six segments; mandible: pars incisiva with five teeth and pars molaris with 10 teeth; maxillule: distal endite with seven claws; exopod of the thoracopods with three or more segments and epipods present in thoracopods 3–7; pleopods absent; endopod of the Th 8 male with two setae; seven spines on the sympod and two spines on the endopod of the uropod and the small minimum size of the adult body) and exclusive characters like the Th 8 female having two small spines and one long seta and the general size and aspect of the Th 8 male and its lobes. Sketinella n. g. presents a unique combination of characters (antennule: eight segments; antenna; six segments; mandible: pars incisiva with six teeth and pars molaris with eight teeth: maxillule: distal endite with seven claws; exopod of the thoracopods with three or more segments and epipods present in Th 3–7; endopod of the thoracopod 8 male with two setae; 12 spines on the sympod and two spines on the endopod and seven setae on the exopod of the uropod) and characters exclusive to the asiatic species are: a pair of pleopods reduced to a single seta; a very distinctive basipod and outer lobe of the Th 8 male and an exopod of the Th 8 male with a small tooth or protuberance. This is the first time that the Parabathynellidae has been found in Vietnam, this find extends the range of distribution of this family in Asia.