滹沱河湿地植物群落的种间关系研究

在样方调查的基础上，采用x^2检验和Pearson相关系数，研究了滹沱河湿地植物群落的种间关联性，对种间相关的测定结果进行了生态分析，结果表明：滹沱河湿地植物群落的42种给管植物可分为四个生态组群，即中旱生植物生态组群、中生植物生态组群、湿生植物生态组群和水生植物生态组群，讨论了x^2检验法和Pearson相关系数法的生态学意义，此外，还分析了种间关联、种间相关与环境因子的关系。     

基于POD同工酶对石蒜属种间和石蒜居群间进化关系的研究

对石蒜属(Lycoris)9个种和石蒜(L.radiata)16个居群的POD同工酶酶谱进行了分析和比较.结果表明:(1)石蒜属植物共显示出24条酶带(种间和居群间各12条),其中五条是特征酶带(种间和居群分别为3条和2条).(2)石蒜属9个种可分为两类:一类由具有两型核型结构(V型和I型)的7个种所组成:即中国石蒜L.chinensis、忽地笑L.aurea、长筒石蒜L.longituba、鹿葱L.squamigera、安徽石蒜L.anhuiensis、香石蒜L.incarnata、乳白石蒜L.albiflora;另一类由具单型核型结构(I型)的2个种所组成:即石蒜L.radiata、换锦花L.sprengeri.其中,中国石蒜和忽地笑亲缘关系最近,与形态学和细胞学研究结果相近.(3)石蒜POD同工酶变异比较丰富,与石蒜染色体核型和数量多样性相符.POD同工酶研究显示石蒜居群间遗传距离与地理距离不存在相关性.研究结果表明同工酶变异分析可以作为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系和石蒜遗传多样性的有效手段.     

栽培棉(4X)与斯特提棉(2X)种间杂种F_1的细胞学的研究

本研究分析了陆地棉[Gossypium hirsrtum L.,2n=4x=52,(AD)1]×斯特提棉[G.sturtianum willis,2n=2x=26,C_1]和海岛棉[G.barbadense L.,2n=4x=52,(AD2)]×斯特提棉二个种间杂种F_1花粉母细胞减数分裂时的染色体行为,并观测了杂种F_1的花粉粒大小和生活力。根据各杂交组合染色体配对表现,讨论了这些棉种间的亲缘关系和棉花种间杂种的利用问题。     

Gene flow from genetically modified herbicide-resistant rapeseed to cruciferous weeds

The sexual compatibility between genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and 5 cruciferous weeds is studied through the observation of fluorescence microscopy and cross-fertility after manual pollination. The results indicated that Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible with Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa?pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsuta L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (as female). Fluorescence microscopic observation showed that growing of pollen tubes terminated on the stigma surface or at the upper 1/3 part of the style. However, B. juncea×Q3 was compatible, and the compatibility index was 1.65. Under the neighboring growth and natural pollination conditions, the rates of gene flow from Q3 to T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsute and R. palustris were all 0, while it was 0.86% for B. juncea. These results indicate that there is difference in the rate of gene flow between GM rapeseed and cruciferous wild weeds, and frequency of gene flow is highly correlated with sexual compatibility.     

猕猴桃种间体细胞杂种细胞质DNA遗传的初步分析

提取猕猴桃体细胞杂种叶片总DNA,PCR和限制性内切酶,分析了叶绿体基因组的trnT(UGU)和5'trnL(UAA)外显子之间的a～b间隔区DNA片段和光合系统Ⅱ D1蛋白基因(psbA)片段,以及线粒体基因组的ORF25片段的遗传特征.结果表明,狗枣猕猴桃(A.kolomikta)与中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)的对称体细胞杂种具有与中华猕猴桃相同的a～b间隔区DNA片段,叶绿体DNA遗传为非随机分离.还讨论了cpDNA遗传与猕猴桃种间的亲缘关系.     

缙云山针阔混交林优势种群间联结性研究

基于2×2联列表,应用方差分析、X~2统计量度量、Ochiai指数、Dice指数和Jaccard指数等系列技术,测定了四川缙云山针阔混交林群落15个主要优势种间的联结性.并以全矩阵、半矩阵和星座图表达测定结果.研究结果表明,中亚热带针阔混交林的种间联结测定使用上述系列技术效果很佳.运用方差分析可揭示出多物种整体间的联结性;X~2检验可揭示出成对物种间联结的性质和程度;Ochiai,Dicc和Jaccard指数可表明种对的联结程度和相伴随出现的机率.结果表明,缙云山针阔混交林种间联结较复杂,但优势种间显著的正联结只存在于白毛新木姜子(Neolilsen ourola var.glauea)和广东山胡椒(Iindern knowlungensis)间;显著的负联结只存在于川灰木(Symplocos selchuanensis)和银木荷(Schima argenten)之间.马尾松(Pinus massoniana)与常绿阔叶林优势树种间联结性较低.另外,人为影响对种间联结性影响亦很大.     

杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂合杂交受精的细胞学研究

应用组织学方法。研究了杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂舍种间杂交受精过程的核相变化。结果表明杂色鲍♀×盘鲍♂种间杂交受精主要表现出两性融合的特点．盘鲍精子进入杂色鲍卵子。9min后中心粒发育为星光；精子头部逐渐膨大、液化形成雄性原核，39min后与雌性原核会合，而后融合．约3．2％的受精卵中观察到1个受精卵中同时存在3个即将融合的原核，这可能是多精入卵或卵子染色体组自发加倍的结果．42min后开始第1次有丝分裂。此时在极个别发育卵中发现固缩的染色质小体、微核、或分离不同步的染色体．     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

刈割与品种对白三叶／多年生黑麦草混播种群生长的影响

研究了刈割频率与品种对白三叶／多年生黑麦草混播种群生长动态及种间相容性的影响，刈割频率效应主要表现在夏季，高频率刈割明显提高了草群中白三叶组分比例，而对黑麦草具有抑制作用，尽管３个白三叶供试品种对高频率刈割的反应存在着差异，虽然春，秋季刈割频率效应不显著，但其变化趋势仍是，高频率刈割白三叶组分比例高于低频率刈割。白三叶品种对春，夏，秋各季混播草地组分种群生长动态部产生了极显著的影响，两种刈割频率下     

链霉菌种间原生质体融合的研究(Ⅱ)——融合子56-2菌株的鉴定

通过金霉素链霉菌和龟裂链霉菌原生质体融合选育出的融合子５６－２菌株，其酯酶同工酶谱与双亲有显著差异，产抗生素能力及遗传稳定性均优于金霉素链霉菌３＃，发酵产物四环素符合中国药典的各项指标，并具有抗噬菌体Ｐ５，Ｐ８的能力。