历史时期(1797-1958)西藏雹霜虫灾述论

文章依据已整理出版的西藏《灾异志.雹霜虫灾篇》一百一十五份档案资料,从历史时期(1797—1958)西藏雹霜虫灾发生的地理分布入手进行研究。讨论范围涉及历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾与气候的关系、呈现的特征及其政府的赈灾问题等,试图从不同的角度勾勒出历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾的大致轮廓。     

In vitro mutagenicity testing of a potent,new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator

Summary Bacterial mutagenicity assay to detect potential chronic toxicity of a potent, new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator (CGA-112913 or IKI-7899, formerly UC-62644) was conducted using 5 histidine auxotrophs ofSalmonella typhimurium. Tests within the concentration range of 0.9–500 g (saturating)/plate of the compound with and without the 5–9 mammalian metabolic activation system showed no mutagenic effects clearing the way for long-term chronic toxicology studies.The authors thank Professor Bruce N. Ames for supplying the tester strains together with all the relevant information for conducting the bioassays and Ms. Norma Charlebois for her meticulous technical assistance.     

昆虫窝卵数：现象及其解释

自然界广泛存在生物体产卵成批（窝、块等）现象（如姐妹利间异同、频次分布、季节动态及年间变异）等昆虫系统发育和个体生长（如解剖学特征、个体大小、年龄（产卵顺序）等内因和环境资源（寄主植物、昆虫、温度、水分等）等外因对窝卵数（ｃｌｕｔｃｈｓｉｚｅ）均有一定影响,同一窝卵中的个体受捕食、被寄生、姐妹手足竞争、卵粒大小、个体大小、生殖力、性比等子代适合度因子也受窝卵数大小的影响,本文总结以上各现象提出一关系模型．以较为综合的“窝卵数与继续繁殖间的平衡”假说,从理论上阐述昆虫决定窝印数的机制,并讨论窝印数研究的实际意义。     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.     

基于Agent的农田生态细胞自动机模型

提出一种基于Agent的细胞自动机(CA)演化模型，并采用整体建模仿真的方法，对农田虫害的演化进行了模拟．它采用自底向上的建模思想，利用Agent的局部连接规则，建立复杂系统的整体模型．针对不同环境条件设定相应的仿真参数，可以得到恰当的害虫种群演化结果，有助于农田生态管理的科学决策．同时，农田虫害的管理是预测专家系统的重要应用领域，该模型与专家系统的最终集成，可以提高专家系统的预测能力．     

苏云金杆菌在温室蔬菜害虫防治中的应用

介绍了苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner)的杀虫机理、分离纯化方法及其在温室蔬菜害虫生物防治中的应用．近年来，温室蔬菜生产中害虫的发生和危害日益严重，化学农药的大量使用，使害虫天敌被大量杀伤，害虫抗药性增强，环境污染加剧，尤其是蔬菜上残留的化学农药直接威胁着人类的健康．苏云金杆菌作为一种高效微生物杀虫剂，在温室蔬菜害虫的生物防治中占有重要的地位．     

韶关地区的名贵蝶类资源

2001年4月至2002年8月，分别在韶关地区的韶关市郊、始兴县车八岭国家级自然保护区、乳源瑶族自治县等地进行蝴蝶资源的抽样调查，共收集蝴蝶1768只，隶属10科62种，其中属于名贵种类的有8科36种，占的比例是58％；其中凤蝶科和蛱蝶科名贵种类最丰富．调查结果表明韶关地区有丰富的名贵蝴蝶资源．     

西安市行道树主要害虫发生规律及防治研究

西安市主要行道树有国槐、法桐等 ,危害较为严重的害虫有叶螨、卷叶蛾、槐蚜、国槐尺蠖、大蓑蛾、龟蜡蚧 ,受害虫危害的行道树常常导致早期落叶 ,新梢萎缩 ,枝梢出现光秃现象 ,从而影响行道树正常生长 .     

Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance

In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening.     

利用猪粪集约化生产蝇蛆的生态工程研究

利用蝇蛆对猪粪的能量、物质进行消化吸收，在集约化生产条件下获得生物肥及蝇蛆蛋白两个产品．结果表明，蝇蛆生物肥为咖啡色、无奥和疏松状，其肥效指标明显优于自然熟化的猪粪，氮含量显著优于干猪粪；蝇蛆干品的氨基酸总量、粗脂肪含量、粗纤维和灰分含量等指标均优于鱼粉．蝇蛆处理猪粪具有提高生产利润、净化生产环境等一系列经济效益、社会效益和生态效益，具有农业生态工程的特点．