In vitro mutagenicity testing of a potent,new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator

Summary Bacterial mutagenicity assay to detect potential chronic toxicity of a potent, new, benzoyl urea insect growth regulator (CGA-112913 or IKI-7899, formerly UC-62644) was conducted using 5 histidine auxotrophs ofSalmonella typhimurium. Tests within the concentration range of 0.9–500 g (saturating)/plate of the compound with and without the 5–9 mammalian metabolic activation system showed no mutagenic effects clearing the way for long-term chronic toxicology studies.The authors thank Professor Bruce N. Ames for supplying the tester strains together with all the relevant information for conducting the bioassays and Ms. Norma Charlebois for her meticulous technical assistance.     

昆虫窝卵数：现象及其解释

自然界广泛存在生物体产卵成批（窝、块等）现象（如姐妹利间异同、频次分布、季节动态及年间变异）等昆虫系统发育和个体生长（如解剖学特征、个体大小、年龄（产卵顺序）等内因和环境资源（寄主植物、昆虫、温度、水分等）等外因对窝卵数（ｃｌｕｔｃｈｓｉｚｅ）均有一定影响,同一窝卵中的个体受捕食、被寄生、姐妹手足竞争、卵粒大小、个体大小、生殖力、性比等子代适合度因子也受窝卵数大小的影响,本文总结以上各现象提出一关系模型．以较为综合的“窝卵数与继续繁殖间的平衡”假说,从理论上阐述昆虫决定窝印数的机制,并讨论窝印数研究的实际意义。     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.     

基于Agent的农田生态细胞自动机模型

提出一种基于Agent的细胞自动机(CA)演化模型，并采用整体建模仿真的方法，对农田虫害的演化进行了模拟．它采用自底向上的建模思想，利用Agent的局部连接规则，建立复杂系统的整体模型．针对不同环境条件设定相应的仿真参数，可以得到恰当的害虫种群演化结果，有助于农田生态管理的科学决策．同时，农田虫害的管理是预测专家系统的重要应用领域，该模型与专家系统的最终集成，可以提高专家系统的预测能力．     

Rapid cold hardening process of insects and its ecologically adaptive significance

In contrast to overwintering cold hardening, a rapid cold hardening process has recently been described in insects. This process can rapidly enhance cold tolerance of insects in several hours or even minutes. The characteristics of rapid cold hardening include inducing conditions, cold hardening effects, and fitness costs. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of rapid cold hardening include rapid changes in the phospholipid composition and the increase in hemolymph osmolalities, polyols production, proline and cold-induced proteins. Moreover, there are different views about the ecologically adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening in insects. This paper reviews research results about rapid cold hardening of insects since 1987, focusing on forms of cold injury, strategies of cold tolerance, and definitions, characteristics, physiological and biochemical mechanisms and adaptive significance of rapid cold hardening.     

仓储粮食中害虫活动声功率谱特征研究

通过建立粮食中害虫活动声的无规声源模型,对赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)成虫分别在小麦、大豆和玉米中的爬行声以及赤拟谷盗成虫、黑菌虫(Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer)成虫和米象(Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus)成虫分别在小麦中的爬行声进行采集.研究了爬行声信号的功率谱特征.结果表明,害虫在粮食中的爬行声功率谱为离散谱,其特征不仅受害虫种类影响,而且与粮食种类有关.     

室内花卉的养护管理与病虫害防治技术的研究

室内花卉的养护管理和病虫害防治技术一直是养花的两个重要环节。本文主要阐述室内花卉的选择与温度、光照、空气湿度密切相关以及水、肥、热的再分配对植物生存的影响。植物健康生长不但要莳养好,而且时时要进行各种病虫害的防治,以防为主,治在其中。只有掌握了养护防治技术,才能提高室内花卉的观赏性、持续性,促进花卉产业的不断发展。     

模糊神经网络在病虫害诊断中的应用初探

基于模糊神经网络的理论。针对病虫害的诊断，给出了相关的模糊神经网络数学模型．     

一种确定转瓶中昆虫细胞摄氧率的简便方法

提出一种确定转瓶中昆虫细胞摄氧率（ＯＵＲ）的简便方法。不同溶氧水平的转瓶实验表明：在考虑了小型培养装置中溶氧解吸过程的这种方法不仅能正确反映细胞ＯＵＲ的变化状况，而且能借助ＯＵＲ迅速判断培养细胞所处生理状态。     

色噪声与乘性信号驱动下昆虫爆发系统的稳定性和随机共振

研究的是一类受色噪声和乘性周期信号驱动的昆虫爆发系统的稳定性和随机共振现象.首先对于一类由色交叉关联噪声驱动的昆虫爆发种群系统,通过应用FPK方程,获取了系统的稳态概率分布函数的近似表达式,重点讨论了噪声强度及自相关时间对此类昆虫爆发系统稳定性的影响; 然后通过加入弱乘性周期信号,根据快速下降法和两态理论给出了信噪比公式,研究了噪声及其关联时间对于昆虫系统信噪比的影响.进而分析它们对系统种群数的稳定性和延续存活时间的一些实际作用