三七叶甙对兔血小板聚集功能的影响

 应用Born氏比浊法分别测定三七叶甙(Panax notoginseng folium saponins)对花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)、血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)和腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)诱导的兔血小板聚集功能的影响.实验结果表明:三七叶甙在体外显著抑制ADP诱导的血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(medium inhibitory concentration,IC₅₀)为89.4mg/L;三七叶甙静脉注射也能明显降低ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集率,且呈剂量-效应关系.提示三七叶甙体内外均明显抑制ADP诱导的兔血小板聚集,而对AA和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集无明显影响.     

Podocalyxin enhances the adherence of cells to platelets

Podocalyxin (PODXL) is a mucin protein of the CD34 family expressed in kidney glomerular podocytes, vascular endothelium, progenitor bone marrow and tumor cells. It is assumed that PODXL plays an anti-adherent role in kidney podocytes. CHO cells stably expressing human PODXL (CHO-PODXL) or human tumor cells (Tera-1) inherently expressing PODXL showed increased adherence to platelets. The adherence of cells was inhibited (70%) by blockers of platelet P-selectin, prevented by the soluble ectodomain of human PODXL (PODXL-Δ) or by the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGDS) peptide and partially impeded by inhibition of integrin αVβ3/αVβ5, suggesting a coordinated action of P-selectin and integrins. Colocalization of platelet P-selectin and PODXL expressed on CHO cells was demonstrated by confocal immunofluorescence. No adherence to platelets was observed when PODXL was expressed in glycomutant CHO cells deficient in sialic acid. Received 14 August 2007; received after revision 12 September 2007; accepted 13 September 2007     

Synergistic effect of acute hypoxia on flow-induced release of ATP from cultured endothelial cells

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in primary cultures were perfused under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. These cells were stimulated twice for 3 min by increased flow (from 0.5 to 3.0 ml/min). Under hypoxic conditions the basal release of ATP was the same as under normoxic conditions, but during increased flow the release was greater (0.58±0.07>0.32±0.04 pmoles/ml/10⁶ cells (+78%), for the first period of stimulation; 0.39±0.05>0.22±0.03 pmoles/ml/10⁶ cells (+79%) for the second period). Further experiments with sequential increments in flow rate showed that under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, a positive correlation existed between ATP release and the rate of flow but there was always more ATP released under hypoxic conditions regardless of the flow rate.HUVECs in secondary culture (second passage) were similarly stimulated. No differences were observed between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In both cases, the quantity of ATP released during high flow (0.050±0.004 pmoles/ml/10⁶ cells) was significantly smaller than the quantity of ATP released during low flow (0.09±0.01 pmoles/ml/10⁶ cells).To conclude, since hypoxia alone did not affect ATP release, there appears to be a synergistic relationship between increased shear stress and hypoxia in the stimulation of ATP release from HUVECs. Moreover, the release of ATP under these conditions seems to be a property of highly differentiated endothelial cells.     

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes: from reptilase to now

The snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SVTLEs) comprise a number of serine proteases functionally and structurally related to thrombin. Until recently, only nine complete sequences of this subgroup of the serine protease family were known. Over the past 5 years, the primary structure of several SVTLEs has been characterized, and now this family includes several members. Of particular interest is their possible use in pathologies such as thrombosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the state of the art concerning the evolutionary, structural and biological features of the SVTLEs.Received 16 August 2003; received after revision 26 September 2003; accepted 1 October 2003     

Integrins and cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular diseases involve abnormal cell-cell interactions leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which when ruptured causes massive platelet activation and thrombus formation. Parts of a loose thrombus may detach to form an embolus, blocking circulation at a more distant point. The integrins are a family of adhesive cell receptors interacting with adhesive proteins or with counterreceptors on other cells. There is now solid evidence that the major integrin on platelets, the fibrinogen receptor α _IIb  β ₃ , has an important role in several aspects of cardiovascular diseases and that its regulated inhibition leads to a reduction in incidence and mortality due to these disorders. The development of α _IIb  β ₃ inhibitors is an important strategy of many pharmaceutical companies which foresee a large market for the treatment of acute conditions in surgery, the symptoms of chronic conditions and, it is hoped, maybe even the successful prophylaxis of these conditions. Although all the associated problems have not been solved, the undoubted improvements in patient care resulting from the first of these treatments in the clinic have stimulated further research on the role of integrins on other vascular cells in these processes and in the search for new inhibitors. Both the development of specific inhibitors and of mice with specific integrin subunit genes ablated have contributed to a better understanding of the function of integrins in development of the cardiovascular system.     

最小振荡条件下经济系统向平衡增长轨道转移模型

宏观动态经济系统,从非均衡状态走上最优经济增长轨道的第一步,是从非均衡状态向平衡增长轨道的转移。本文利用非线性规划结合动态多部门投入产出技术建立转移模型,在使经济状态转移到平衡增长轨道过程中,以经济最小振荡和最优经济增长为目标,优化资源配置。     

海南汉族学生10年间形态指标发育状况分析

对1985年与1995年海南汉族学生的三项指标10年来生长发育状况和形态指数进行分析。结果表明:我省汉族学生生长发育水平有一定的提高。除胸围发育曲线第二次交叉年龄,1995年与1985年没有明显差异外,其余各指标发育曲线交叉年龄均比1985年提前约1—2年,最大增长年龄也提前1—2年,表明我省汉族学生生长发育仍处于平稳增长状态,形态指数分析显示:学生身体充实度提高,但胸廓发育滞后。     

银白木耳药用初探

在我国首次发现的毛木耳纯白色变种银白木耳能明显增强实验动物的淋巴细胞转化功能，明显抑制血小板粘附和聚集功能，是一新的食用兼药用真菌，有助于一些疾病的康复。     

糖的浓度和种类对人血小板冷冻干燥保存的影响

以海藻糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、葡萄糖作为冻干血小板的保护剂,研究糖的浓度和种类对血小板冻干保存的影响.结果表明,冻干血小板的保存效果随海藻糖浓度的增加而提高,当海藻糖质量分数增加到20%时,非活化血小板的恢复率达到85.7%;对于质量分数均为20%不同种类的糖保护剂,非活化血小板的恢复率都达到70%以上,海藻糖略优于其他几种糖,但它们之间没有显著性差异.