玉米两个自交系及其杂交F_1染色体G-带带型的比较

对玉米两个自交系京7和华5及其杂交F_1的染色体G-带带型进行了比较研究。结果表明,两自交系的G-带中A型带之间的相似点很多,有的完全一致;而B型带在带的数目和分布位置上有差异。杂交F_1的G-带带型具有杂合性,B型带的杂合性尤为明显。文中讨论了G-带、C-带和N-带并存等问题。     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

Proopiomelanocortin expression in the skin during induced hair growth in mice

We demonstrate for the first time a hair cycle-dependent gene and protein expression of proopiomelanocortin in mouse skin in vivo. Northern blot detected POMC mRNA with an apparent size of 0.9 kb in anagen but not telogen skin. Western blot emphasized a specific protein of 30–33 kDa recognized by anti -endorphin in late but not early anagen or telogen skin. By immunocytochemistry, -endorphin antigen was localized in the sebaceous gland in a hair cycle dependent manner.     

Preferential excretion of glycated albumin in C57BL-Ks-J mice: Effects of diabetes

Urinary excretion of glycated albumin was quantitated in genetically hyperglycemic mice (C57BL-Ks-J, db/db mice), a model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and compared with their non-diabetic littermates. The data indicated a preferential excretion of glycated albumin in non-diabetic mice. This phenomenon of editing of glycated albumin is decreased significantly in diabetic mice. Quantitative measurements of overall excretion of glycated albumin suggested that the loss of editing in diabetic mice is due to the dilution of glycated albumin by the unmodified albumin which is excreted in large amounts in diabetic mice. Therefore, the loss of editing observed in this model resembled the one we characterized in insulin-dependent diabetic humans and a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model³.     

藏产红景天混合提取物对BALB／c小鼠免疫功能的影响

选择淋巴器官脏器系数,迟发型变态反应,脾脏抗体生成细胞数,巨噬细胞蚕噬指数等免疫免疫学指标观察藏产多种红景天对ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在５００－２０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量范围内能增加ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠胸腺的相对重量,足跖厚度及脾脏抗体生成细胞的数量。     

鸡冠花提高S180荷瘤鼠免疫功能及抑瘤作用的研究

目的研究鸡冠花对S180荷瘤鼠免疫器官的影响．方法随机将小鼠分为鸡冠花水煎液高、低剂量组，鸡冠花搅碎液高、低剂量组和对照组．每组10只，雌雄各半．用s180建立肿瘤模型，同时喂以鸡冠花制剂．结果鸡冠花液各实验组的荷瘤重均明显低于对照组(P＜0．05)．鸡冠花液各实验组胸腺和脾脏重量均明显高于对照组(P＜0．05)．以高浓度组增重明显．     

紫球藻胞外多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖的调节作用

通过尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立小鼠糖尿病模型,分别用紫球藻胞外多糖按每kg体质量300 m g和150 m g灌胃给药,连续21 d后,分别测定空腹12 h血糖和血浆SOD活性,并观察各组小鼠胰脏组织结构.实验结果显示,与糖尿病模型组相比,紫球藻胞外多糖组小鼠的血糖显著降低(P<0.05),小鼠血浆SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05);紫球藻胞外多糖组小鼠胰脏中胰岛形态结构正常,无纤维化,无出血坏死和明显的炎症细胞浸润.结果表明紫球藻胞外多糖能降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖并呈现一定的抗氧化能力,对四氧嘧啶所致小鼠胰岛细胞损伤具有修复作用.     

利用重组自交系群体进行抗玉米矮花叶病研究

玉米矮花叶病在世界范围内广泛分布，且危害十分严重．因此正确认识玉米（Zea mays L．）对矮花叶病的抗性机制非常必要．基于此，本研究利用遗传差异较大的Mo17（高感玉米矮花叶病）和黄早四（高抗玉米矮花叶病）为亲本采用一粒传法构建了F9代重组自交系（Recombinant inbred line，RIL）分离群体，共256系．通过人工接甘蔗花叶病毒MDB株系（Sugarcane mosaic virus strain MDB, SCMV-MDB）对该分离群体进行了抗病性分析，统计了发病率和病情指数两项指标，根据这两项指标的频数分布图可知：玉米对矮花叶病的抗性主要由主基因控制，但不能排除还有微效基因的可能性．     

甲基叔丁基醚、无水乙醇、碳酸二甲酯的致突变性

评价和比较了3种汽油增氧剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、无水乙醇(AE)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的致突变性.采用Ames实验研究3种汽油增氧剂的致突变性;采用小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验检测3种汽油增氧剂对小鼠睾丸染色体的致畸作用.Ames实验的阴性结果表明,在本实验条件下,未发现MTBE、AE、DMC具有致突变性.在小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验中,虽然实验结果为阴性,但随着MTBE剂量的增加,染色体分离有增加趋势,表明其可能存在遗传毒性.     

维生素C-磷脂复合体抑制LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的研究

 为了比较维生素C-磷脂复合体（VitC-PC）和VitC体外抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞氧化应激的活性,本研究提取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,在体外培养,用沙门氏菌脂多糖（LPS）诱导氧化应激,分别用不同浓度VitC和VitC-PC进行处理,测定培养液一氧化氮（NO）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）和细胞内诱导性NO合成酶（iNOS）,以评价细胞炎性反应、细胞膜完整性和脂质过氧化程度。同时静息态腹腔巨噬细胞与不同浓度的VitC或VitC-PC共孵育,测定细胞内VitC浓度,以评价细胞摄取VitC或VitC-PC的效率。结果发现,在高浓度添加VitC时,巨噬细胞摄取VitC-PC的效率高于VitC（P<0.05）,VitC-PC抑制LPS诱导巨噬细胞释放NO、发生脂质过氧化（产生MDA）和细胞膜损伤（LDH泄露）的效率显著高于VitC（P<0.05）。因此,本研究证明VitC-PC比VitC更易进入细胞内部发挥抗氧化作用。