多样化心理图景的纷繁呈现——论路翎小说的心理描绘艺术

对人的灵魂奥秘和精神世界的不懈探掘，构成了路翎创作最为显著的特征。其笔下的人物，大都有着双重甚至多重特征，为了写出人物的“多面”，揭示出人物分裂的、隐秘的、多变的内心世界，除了常规的心理描写方法，路翎还采用了诸如幻觉与梦境、变态心理及无意识心理等多种方法。对心理的集中展现，成为他创作的本体性要素，也是成就其“心理小说”的根本质素。     

春心莫共花争发，一寸相思一寸灰——《锦瑟》诗解

《锦瑟》难解，关键在用典的复杂和多义。从原典出发，结合李商隐的生世和诗作，大致可以推知此诗的核心意涵：一生中“可寄托”的想念，到头来都是虚妄。此了悟人生之语，见证出唐世的衰败。     

What can false memory tell us about memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease?

The range of memory impairments associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a focus for psychological and clinical re-searchers for many years. In addition to investigations of AD patients’ veridical memory using traditional recognition memory tasks, a number of recent studies have focused on false memories to reveal the underlying causes of memory impairment in AD. Studies comparing illusory memories between AD patients and healthy older people have revealed various differences in memory deficits between the development of AD and the typical aging processes. Here, we review 3 types of memory illusions tested in AD patients: associative memory illusions, fluency-based false memories and source memory errors. By comparing AD patients with healthy older adults, we sought to analyze the mechanisms underlying AD-related memory impairments at different stages of memory processing, including encoding, retrieval and monitoring. This comparison revealed that AD patients exhibit an impaired ability to establish and utilize gist representations at the encoding stage and impairments in processing on the basis of familiarity and recollection at the retrieval stage. Consequently, patients with AD have access to less information when making memory judgments. As a result, they become more susceptible to the effects of item fluency, which can be manipulated during the retrieval stage. Furthermore, with impaired source memory monitoring abilities, the capacity of AD patients to suppress memory illusions is compromised. Based on these findings, we propose that the study of false memories constitute a critical tool for elucidating the memory impairments involved in AD. Further explorations of these memory impairments will have practical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of AD in the future.     

基于语义三角理论的佛教术语观

佛教的术语观源于佛教的语言观,即佛教认为语言的本质是虚妄的,没有自性(即体性)。从语义三角理论出发,总结佛教的术语观,即能指与所指间、概念与所指间、概念与能指间都表现出不同于世俗语言学的符号关系。语义三角的三个位点都可以体现为虚妄相或多元可置换性。真如实相的术语观是三个位点都体现为虚妄相,部分位点的虚妄相和不同程度的多元可置换性都是佛菩萨顺应众生根基所采取的相应变通。