大亚湾核电站邻近水域浮游纤毛虫群落结构

应用蛋白银染色法及沉淀法分别对采自大亚湾水域的浮游纤毛虫进行了定性和定量分析．根据各样点浮游纤毛虫群落的结构参数确定了该水域浮游纤毛虫群落有以下特点：群落的种类数从９～２９种不等,密度从２０００～１３４００ｉｎｄ／Ｌ;群落的优势种为腹羽急游虫（Ｓｔｒｏｍ－ｂｉｄｉｕｍｖｅｎｔｒｏｐｉｎｎｕｍ）和球形急游虫（Ｓｔｒｏｍｂｉｄｉｕｍｓｔｒｏｂｉｌａ）;群落的生物多样性指数为２．７１３２～４．２３３９．并结合采样点的位置分析了大亚湾核电站冷却水对浮游纤毛虫群落的影响．     

Morphological studies on a new species of Orthodonella,with redescription of O. gutta (Cohn, 1866) Kahl, 1931 (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Synhymeniida) from coastal water off Qingdao,China

The morphology and infraciliature of two marine synhymeniid ciliates, Orthodonella apohamatus nov. spec. and Orthodonella gutta (Cohn, 1866 Cohn, F. 1866. Neue infusorien im seeaquarium. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 16: 253–302.  [Google Scholar]) Kahl, 1931 Kahl, A. 1931. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 2. Holotricha außer den im 1. Teil behandelten Prostomata. Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21: 181–398.  [Google Scholar], collected from coastal water off Qingdao, China, were studied on living cells and using protargol silver impregnation. The diagnosis for O. apohamatus nov. spec.: marine Orthodonella with length×width about 60–160×20–35?µm in vivo; lanceolate body shape with conspicuous beak-like projection at anterior end; 42–60 (mean 53) somatic kineties, including 28–42 on ventral and 13–20 on dorsal side; synhymenium with about 54–62 dikinetids; pharyngeal basket composed of 8–13 rods; four contractile vacuoles, two in middle near left margin and two at posterior end of cell; one elongated macronucleus and one micronucleus. Based on a Qingdao population, an improved diagnosis for the poorly known species, O. gutta is suggested: marine Orthodonella in vivo about 140–200×60–100?µm; body widely ellipsoidal with contractile beak-like anterior end; 62–74 (mean 66) somatic kineties with ca 41–48 ventral and 20–26 dorsal; synhymenium consisting of 43–70 dikinetids; 11–14 pharyngeal rods; one to several contractile vacuoles distributed in caudal area of cell; numerous cortical granules tiny and colourless; one ovoid macronucleus.     

腹毛目纤毛虫无性生殖周期中形态发生的研究

本文总结了腹毛目纤毛虫皮层纤毛器的形态发生过程,指出了对纤毛虫形态发生值得进一步研究的问题,并认为对某些纤毛虫形态发生中老口围带的命运有重新作观察的必要.也对皮层先存结构毛基体,以及细胞核在纤毛原基发生过程中的可能作用作了分析探讨.     

Ecological functions of ciliated protozoa in marine ecosystem： effects of ammonium on the population growth of Euplotes vannus

The effects of ammonium on the population growth of the marine ciliate, Euplotes vannus, were examined using ecotoxicological method, h is showed that ammonium exerts inhibitory effects on the growth of the ciliate populations in a concentration-dependent way. Statistical analvsis reveals that the population growth dynamics exposed to ammoniunt-N concentration over 100mg/L are significantly different from that in the control at P 〈 0.05 level. Linear regression determined that the 24h, 36h, 48h, 60h, 72h and 84h IC50 values of ammonium-N are 19.68, 201.51, 167.49, 47.86, 50.43 and 43.11 concentration over 100mg/L, respectively （ P 〈 0.05; pH 8.2; salinity 28 ppt; temperature, 25℃ ）. The results indicate that the tolerance to ammonium in E. vannus is considerably higher than that of the larvae or juveniles of some metozoa, such as cuhured prawns and oysters. Therefore, it is believed that the high tolerance to ammonium is necessary for eiliated protozoa to play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in the intensive aquacuhure waters with high-level ammonium. In addition, the correlation between /C50 values and exposure time was discussed.     

Colonization of periphytic ciliated protozoa on an artificial substrate in mariculture waters with notes on responses to environmental factors

Colonization of periphytic ciliates and their usefulness for monitoring water quality were evaluated using the glass slide method in two enclosed mariculture ponds used to culture crab larva and in a natural seawater reservoir. The results revealed that (1) the ciliate species composition and colonizing process differed between the culturing ponds and the natural reservoir and (2) the dominant ciliate species showed a greater distribution in terms of both the abundance and the occurrence frequency. This study also demonstrated that structural parameters were strongly related to water conditions. For example, the abundance was positively associated with and soluble reactive phosphate (P < 0.05), whereas the species number, species diversity and evenness were negatively correlated with nutrients (e.g. and NH₃–N) and temperature (P < 0.05). These findings support the evidence that periphytic ciliates are useful bioindicators of water quality in enclosed mariculture ecosystems.     

林麝瘤胃内纤毛虫的计数和种类

本文报导2只人工饲养林麝瘤胃内粥样内容物的纤毛虫数是42—64万/ml,其纤毛虫种类为两种即Entodinium lboosospinosum和E.SP,隶属于纤毛虫纲(Ciliata),旋唇目(Spirotrichicha),头毛科(Ophryo Sco—lecidae),内毛属(Entodinium)。文中描述了纤毛虫的形态、大小并附有照片。     

New contributions to the marine benthic ciliates from the Antarctic area,including description of seven new species (Protozoa,Ciliophora)

Twenty‐six marine benthic ciliates including seven new species were isolated from King George Island, Antarctic. The morphology and taxonomy of 19 of them are described in the present paper: Aegyriana paroliva, Amphileptus sp., Amphisiella antarctica nov. spec., Condylostoma cf. magnum, Dysteria parovalis nov. spec., Folliculina ? sp., Hartmannula cf. angustipilosa, Hemigastrostyla szaboi nov. spec., Heterostentor coeruleus, Holosticha sp., Intranstylum antarcticum nov. spec., Metaurostylopsis rubra, Orthodonella shenae, Philasterides cf. armatalis, Pithites pelagicus nov. spec., Pleuronema coronatum, Strombidium apolatum nov. spec., Telotrochidium sp., and Thigmokeronopsis magna nov. spec. Based on the new observations, an improved diagnosis for the genus Aegyriana is suggested: dorsoventrally flattened Dysteriidae with tail‐shaped podite, which is positioned subcaudally in a glabrous region within somatic kineties; oral structure in two parts: ca three close‐set fragments on right and one preoral kinety on left; left postoral kineties shortened posteriorly and continuous with right ones, leaving no median gap or suture; cytopharyngeal rods dominant. According to the new understanding and information obtained, a refined diagnosis of the genus Hemigastrostyla is also suggested: hypotrich with Oxytricha‐like cirral pattern; eight to ten frontal (including one buccal) and five to seven ventral cirri; five transverse and three caudal cirri; no right‐lateral anlagen of dorsal kineties occurring and the old adoral zone will be partly replaced by newly formed structure during morphogenesis; dorsal cilia located in small pits, fibre system highly developed; marine habitat.     

兰州市雁儿湾污水处理厂活性污泥中纤毛虫春季群落特征

从2006年2月至2006年4月,对兰州市雁儿湾污水处理厂曝气池活性污泥中的纤毛虫群落进行了调查研究.共记录到纤毛虫57种,隶属于11目21科27属.缘毛目为优势类群.其中优势种为：小口钟虫（Vorticella microstoma）、沟钟虫（Vorticella convallaria）、八钟虫（Vorticella octava）、卑怯管叶虫（Trachelophyllum pusillum）、彩盖虫（Opercularia phryganeae）、有肋楯纤虫（Aspidisca costata）、片状漫游虫（Litonotus fasciola）.同时记录到10种常见种.与两对照样点相比较,活性污泥中纤毛虫种类数、丰度都大于两对照样点.结果表明,缘毛目优势种可以作为污水处理效果的指示生物.     

刘家峡水库网箱养鱼场春季纤毛虫群落结构

对刘家峡水库网箱养鱼场春季纤毛虫群落结构进行了研究.共鉴定到60种纤毛虫,隶属于3纲、11目、25科、32属.下毛目（Hypotrichita）为优势类群,盾纤目Scuticociliatida、膜口目Hymenostomatida、前口目Prostomatida和侧口目Pleurostomatida为常见类群.聚类分析结果表明,颗粒膜袋虫（Cyclidium granulosum）、善变膜袋虫（Cyclidium versatile）、珍珠映毛虫（Cinetochilum margaritaceum）、钩刺斜管虫（Chilodonella uncinata）和大口瞬目虫（Glaucoma macrostoma）为纤毛虫群落中的优势种,天蓝喇叭虫（Stentor coeruleus）、纺锤康纤虫（Cohnilembus fusiformis）、齿脊肾形虫（Colpoda steini）和膨胀肾形虫（Colpoda inflata）为偶见种,其余51种属常见种.纤毛虫的最大丰度为28980 ind/L,最大生物量为353.1μg/L,物种多样性指数在2.13到4.44之间.对网箱养鱼场样点和对照样点的纤毛虫群落结构的比较分析表明,网箱养鱼场样点纤毛虫群落的种类数、平均丰度、物种多样性指数和平均生物量均大于对照样点.结果表明,刘家峡水库纤毛虫群落结构动态受人为影响较大.     

纤毛虫皮层细胞骨架的研究进展

纤毛虫皮层的研究对探讨细胞的发育、分化、结构模式及其遗传控制有着极其重大的生物学意义,纤毛虫细胞皮层中含有非常丰富的细胞骨架成分,它们在结构上表现出来的特殊性有利于更深地探索皮层分化和皮层模式的控制机理,本综述了有关纤毛虫皮层细胞骨架的结构和形态发生方面的研究及皮层细胞骨架蛋白质构成的生化和分子生物学研究进展。