计算机辅助设计与分析多模圆锥喇叭天线

多模圆锥喇叭天线是一种应用较广的新型高效率喇叭天线,合理设计的多模圆锥喇叭天线,它的方向图可以得到很好的等化性能,所以被广泛应用于反射镜初级馈源和实验室标准天线等。但是,设计的多模圆锥喇叭波束宽度(-3dB)较窄,喇叭口径在5个波长左右。本文在传统设计方法的基础上,对多模圆锥喇叭天线采用计算机辅助设计,避免了人工计算带来的误差,而且设计范围更加灵活。文章较详细地介绍了设计方法和计算框图,最后给出了分析实例,并具体设计了一种较宽波束的多模圆锥喇叭天线,理论计算和实测结果非常一致,证明了这种方法是行之有效的。     

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): local variation in the beetle’s major avian predators and in the competition for mates

The green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) was observed in northern Virginia for a second and third flight season. The study yielded some results that were consistent with earlier findings, namely that mate-locating beetles were vulnerable to attack by avian predators and matings occurred primarily early in the flight season. Novel findings included the following: (1) blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) were the major predators, not common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala), (2) some jays appeared to selectively prey on female beetles, (3) competition for mates among male beetles could be so intense that some males attempted to copulate with already mated (unreceptive) females, and (4) the sex ratio of the beetle population feeding on wild blackberries remained near equality late in the flight season despite the fact that the sex ratio of the population of beetles at the emergence site became highly female-biased over time.     

测试稿件刘蔚霞周磊2 冯利2 张平2*

目的：研究益肾骨康方对骨转移癌疼痛大鼠脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质蛋白表达的调控作用。方法：在裸鼠肺腺癌溶骨性骨转移模型的基础上,采用免疫组织化学染色的方法,分别观察各组裸鼠脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质等蛋白的表达。并使用MIA4.0图像分析软件进行图像分析,每张切片取五个视野,显微镜放大倍数为400倍,统计每个高倍镜视野中表达的阳性物质的光密度值。结果：模型组裸鼠发生了100%的骨转移,免疫组织化学结果显示模型组脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质蛋白过表达；而“益肾骨康方”低剂量组与中 西药组裸鼠未发生骨转移,免疫组织化学结果显示GFAP、c-fos、P物质蛋白的表达处于较低的水平(P<0.01)；“益肾骨康方”中、高剂量组裸鼠也发生了骨转移,但是这两组裸鼠脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质蛋白等与疼痛相关的蛋白表达明显低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论：“益肾骨康方”可能通过抑制裸鼠脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质等蛋白的表达,从而抑制肺腺癌细胞的骨侵袭与转移所引起的疼痛,即“益肾骨康方”通过抑制裸鼠脊髓背角GFAP、c-fos、P物质蛋白的表达而起到一定的镇痛作用。     

Two nesting behaviours and life history of a subsocial African dungrolling beetle,Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Nesting behaviour of a large-sized dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus (Gerstaecker), was observed at the Tsavo West National Park, south-eastern Kenya. Although this species is taxonomically a member of a dung-roller group (that is, subfamily Scarabaeinae), it had not only a rolling behaviour but also a tunneller behaviour for nesting. In the former case, the scarab rolled a chunk or a ball of dung some distance (0·5–15·5m) away from the dung pat and buried it under the ground. In the latter case, it dug a tunnel near the dung pat (0–1 m) and transported several pieces of dung into the burrow. In both cases, brood nests were completed by a female alone or by male-female co-operation. Four days after dung burial, the female made one to four brood balls out of buried dung, in each of which she deposited an egg. On the other hand, the male left the nest soon after the female completed oviposition. Even after oviposition, the female stayed in the nest and cared for her progeny until they emerged. This indicates that S. catenatus is subsocial. A major source of offspring mortality was likely to be predation by driver ants (Dorylus sp.). Most females seemed to breed one time in each of two or more successive rainy seasons.     

A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)

Gromphas jardim Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. is described from Bolivia and Central Brazil and is endemic to the biogeographic province of Rondônia. It resembles Gromphas amazonica and Gromphas inermis, but is distinguished primarily by the pattern of pronotal granulation and the form of the apical tubercle of male protibiae, which is modified in a tapered spur. Based on 31 morphological characters, a phylogenetic analysis returned a single most parsimonious tree where Gromphas is monophyletic and has the following internal topology: ((G. aeruginosa + G. lemoinei) (G. dichroa (G. inermis (G. amazonica + G. jardim)))).     

宽端接圆柱杆的复合指数形变幅杆的设计

利用替代法得到了复合指数形变幅杆的频率方程,在此基础上解算出谐振长度、放大系数等重要参数,并借助于ANSYS软件对复合变幅杆进行模态分析.结果表明该方法对复合形变幅杆的设计是可行的,也显示了ANSYS在变幅杆设计中的重要性.这给其他复合变幅杆的设计提供了参考.     

The behaviour of Cotinis nitida Linnaeus,the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), on mowed lawns makes them especially vulnerable to bird predators

ABSTRACT

Males of the green June beetle Cotinis nitida are regularly attacked by birds as they search for females on lawns but which bird species feeds on the beetle changes from year to year. In 2018 for the first time on a farm in northern Virginia, brown thrashers (Toxostomum rufum) joined blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) as major predators of the beetles. The two species employed very different tactics when hunting for June beetles, with the thrashers searching while walking forward on the mowed lawn while the jays scanned for beetles when perched in trees about the lawn. The beetles became very scarce at the lawn in early July in 2017 and 2018 and their predators apparently moved elsewhere. Subsequently, male beetles were occasionally observed patrolling a nearby hayfield in search of mates with rare copulations recorded after July 15. Because predatory birds could not exploit the beetles in the tall grass of the hayfield it seems likely that the mowed lawn constituted an evolutionarily novel ecological trap which made searching beetles conspicuous and easily captured by beetle-hunting birds.     

Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?

We present data on predatory behaviour in Deltochilum cupreicolle viridescens, which belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma, and we contrast it with the behaviour of a species from the subgenus Deltohyboma. By this comparison we can investigate whether the predatory behaviour in Deltochilum could have appeared independently in these two subgenera, or if the behaviour is so similar that it suggests a single origin in a possible ancestor exclusive to those two groups. These laboratory studies on the behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens individuals on diplopods are described and divided into the following stages: (1) approach and recognition of the diplopod; (2) attack and death of the prey; (3) on-site feeding; (4) transport of the diplopod. The results found here strengthen the hypothesis of a primitive and highly specialized behaviour within a possible clade formed by the predatory species of Diplopoda.     

纵振型超声变幅杆的等效四端网络

纵振型超声变幅杆的等效四端网络贺西平，程存弟（陕西师范大学应用声学研究所，西安７１００６２；第一作者，男，２８岁，讲师）对由若干级变幅杆组合而成的复合变幅杆的设计方法，一般是按各级变幅杆的形状函数，解其相应的振动方程，利用边界条件确定其方程中的待定系...