Maxwell's role in turning the concept of model into the methodology of modeling

This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.     

不同年级学生阅读示意图课文的眼动实验研究

本研究采用眼动方法，对85名小五、初二和高二年级学生图文阅读的阅读理解指标和眼动指标进行考察，结果表明：1）不同年级学生的阅读能力一般都具有明显的年龄发展特征，其中从小五到初二是示意图不同难度课文阅读理解指标和易课文眼动指标发展的一个重要时期；2）不同年龄级学生阅读不同呈现方式课文的阅读理解指标和眼动指标，示意图课文一般显著优于无图课文，图对课文的阅读理解具有明显的促进作用；3）不同年龄级学生阅读不同难度课文的阅读理解指标和眼动指标，易课文一般也显著优于难课文。     

数学建模教学对学生能力的培养

数学建模方法是一种极其重要的思想方法，它是把实际问题抽象成数学语言符号，构建数学模型，从而解决实际问题，通过几个实际问题的解决说明数学建模对学生能力的培养作用．     

论数码技术对插图艺术的影响

数码技术的普及,使插图获得了新的、独特的视觉冲击力和艺术内涵,导致插图设计风格的变化,改变了插图的美学观念与审美方式,给传统插图艺术注入了新的活力。     

标志设计与品牌形象

从标志设计发展趋势的角度，阐述了标志设计伴随时代的发展而更新的重要性，尤其是标志设计在创造品牌形象时的重要作用。     

菲涅耳公式的几何图示记忆法新探

通过对菲涅耳公式的分析,找到一种新的简单直观的几何图示,能完整地给出菲涅耳公式的四个振幅比关系.     

浅谈玉林师范学院体育课程教学大纲的修订

从体育课程的性质、指导思想、总目标、设置与结构、内容确定原则、成绩考核与评价、学习与管理规定等几个方面对修订后的大纲进行了介绍，使其更符合新《纲要》的要求。     

基于曲线图解法的额外光程差分析

根据菲涅耳公式推导了薄膜干涉模型中两光线不同分量的反射系数,并表示成直观的曲线图;利用曲线图分析了薄膜反射干涉时的额外光程差问题,讨论了不同折射率分布对干涉条纹对比度的影响.该方法有利于学生对额外光程差现象及产生额外光程差的条件的理解.     

科技论文函数图类插图规范化及其绘制技巧

根据编辑加工实践,探讨了科技论文中简易函数图这一类型插图各要素的规范问题,指出可以通过充分运用对数坐标、选取有效原点、合并共同坐标叠置图形等方法科学合理地绘制简易函数图图类插,为科技书刊和科技论文插图的规范化提供参考.     

试论数字技术对插图艺术的影响

本文以数码插图为主要对象,探讨了数字化技术对插图艺术的影响、人们新的审美观念的形成以及数码插图的市场前景。