葡萄糖转运体4与Ⅱ型糖尿病相互关系的研究进展

葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)是转运葡萄糖的重要蛋白质,与Ⅱ型糖尿病(T2DM)密切相关.从GLUT4对骨骼肌、心肌和脂肪组织,以及肾组织的肾小球系膜细胞的影响等方面进行了综述,研究葡萄糖转运体4与Ⅱ型糖尿病相互关系.     

依那普利对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖及分泌TGF-1β、LN的影响

目的 观察依那普利（Ena）对高糖诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（GMCs）增殖及分泌转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）和层粘连蛋白（LN）的影响.方法 大鼠GMCs分别培养于正常浓度葡萄糖（NG,5.5mmol/L）、高浓度葡萄糖（HG,20mmol/L）及高糖和不同浓度（10-7mol/L、10-6mol/L、10-5mol/L）的Ena中,同时设空白对照.分别采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、放射免疫法（RIA）检测不同时间（24 h、48 h、72 h）GMCs增殖情况和细胞培养上清液中TGF-β1、LN的含量.结果 与空白对照组比较,正常糖组和高糖组GMCs增殖增加,TGF-β1、LN分泌增多（P〈0.001）,高糖组更明显（P〈0.001）.与高糖组比较,高、中、低浓度的Ena干预均可逆转上述变化.且在一定浓度范围内,Ena无明显细胞毒性.结论 高糖可致GMCs增殖和TGF-β1、LN分泌增多,Ena可抑制高糖诱导的GMCs增殖与分泌TGF-β1、LN,这可能是其减少细胞外基质（ECM）积聚的机理之一,并有利于延缓糖尿病肾病肾小球硬化（GS）的进展.     

基于多期MR影像的肾脏自动定位与分割方法

肾脏自动定位和分割是肾脏功能分析流程中的重要一步,针对此提出了一种基于多期MR影像的肾脏自动定位及分割方法,即利用肾脏在多期MR扫描影像中表现出的特性,通过三维配准减影及最大密度投影方法,得到数据体在x,y,z方向的投影图像,并利用最大密度分布曲线的特性,得到肾脏区域的三维定位;在定位区域内利用水平集方法对实质期影像进行肾脏提取,然后将分割结果映射到其余多期影像上.实验结果表明,该方法得到的肾脏定位结果准确,且在定位区域内完成的肾脏分割执行效率高,分割结果较好.     

Regulation of rat renal (Na++K+)-adenosine triphosphatase mRNA levels by corticosterone

We investigated the mechanisms for glucocorticoid regulation of rat renal NaK-ATPase activity. Our findings suggest that the magnitudes of corticosterone-induced increases in ₁ mRNA and ₁ mRNA levels are similar in the kidney of the adult adrenalectomized rats. The results also suggest that corticosterone restores NaK-ATPase activity in adrenalectomized rats prior to any enhanced sodium delivery.     

Renal effects of a high unsaturated fat diet in renal artery stenosis in rats

The renal effects of an unsaturated fat (UNSAT) diet in mild to moderate two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension were evaluated. An UNSAT diet (37% by energy) prevented the development of hypertension compared to 2K1C rats fed a high saturated fat (SAT) (37% by energy) and a normal fat (CONTROL) (11% by energy) diet. Urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretion increased in 2K1C rats as compared to SHAM operated controls, regardless of the diet received. In the early weeks of the experiment (weeks 2–4 post-surgery to induce hypertension), an enhanced natriuresis occurred in the 2K1C UNSAT as compared to the 2K1C CONTROL and SAT diet groups. This resulted from an increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR in mls·min^–1) as measured using the single-injection [⁵¹Cr] EDTA method (2K1C UNSAT; 1.99±0.18 versus 2K1C SAT; 1.27±0.09, p<0.02; and versus SHAM CONTROL; 1.45×0.01; p<0.02). The increased GFR was not associated with alterations in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) as measured using the single-injection [¹²⁵I] Na hippurate method. No differences in sodium excretion; GFR; ERPF or renal blood flow (microsphere technique) were noted between the 2K1C UNSAT and SAT diet groups at weeks 6–8 post-surgery, despite a continued antihypertensive effect of the UNSAT diet. Hence, the antihypertensive effect of an unsaturated fat diet in 2K1C renovascular hypertension in rats is associated with transient glomerular changes leading to an enhanced natriuresis.     

高脂血症大鼠肾脏Angptl4变化及辛伐他汀的保护作用

为探讨高脂血症大鼠（Rattus norregicus）肾脏中Angptl4的变化及辛伐他汀的保护作用,将45只雄性SD大鼠随机平均分为3组：正常对照组（NG）给予普通饲料喂养;高脂饮食组（HG）给予高脂饲料喂养;辛伐他汀组（SG）在高脂饲料喂养的基础上给予辛伐他汀10mg·kg^-1·d^-1水溶液灌胃。分别于第4、6、lO周时各组随机选取5只大鼠,检测大鼠24h尿蛋白及血清总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平,石蜡切片HE染色观察大鼠肾小球的损害,免疫组化及Western blot检测大鼠肾脏Angptl4蛋白分布及表达。结果显示,于第4周开始,HG组和sG组大鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平升高。实验第10周时,HG组和SG组大鼠24h尿蛋白定量升高;大鼠肾组织HE染色光镜下观察显示：肾小球呈轻微分叶状,系膜区增宽和基质增多不明显,但肾小球内有较明显的空泡变性,SG组大鼠的病变明显轻于HG组;免疫组化和免疫印迹检查发现,大鼠肾脏Angptl4明显增多,SG组的表达较HG组有减少。研究认为,高脂血症可引起肾脏肾小球明显病变,可能是肾小球内的足细胞分泌Angptl4的增多引起;而辛伐他汀则可能使高脂饮食时足细胞分泌Angptl4减少,从而减轻高脂血症时肾小球受到的损害。     

肾功能对心肌酶谱的影响

为了了解肾功能是否对血清心肌酶谱有影响,笔者对226例慢性肾脏病例的肾小球滤过率和血清心肌酶谱的检测结果进行了相关分析.结果表明:肾小球滤过率与所测的心肌酶谱为不相关关系(P>0.05).对于慢性肾脏病患者,心肌酶谱仍是有意义的判断指标.