Environmental Issues of Geothermal Development in Yangbajing, Tibet and the Countermeasures

The pollution source and pollution state of surface water is respectively assessed with equal-standard-pollution-load index and Nemero index, and the habitans' health is assessed as well by comparison with pre-development of geothermal field. Results show that: 1 ) Three pollutive factors obviously fail to attain the required standards and their order sorted by impact degree is As＞F- ＞S2-. 2) The Nemero index of Donggua cross section of Duilongqu River is 0. 725and the water quality is at mildly-polluted level. 3) In Lhasa River, the Nemero indexes of cross sections affected by geothermal fields are much higher than that of the unaffected one, which shows the present and potential impacts of geothermal development. 4) Much more inhabitants nearby got trichomadesis sickness after geothermal development, which shows that the surface water pollution in this area has threatened the inhabitants' health. In addition, other environmental issues caused by Yangbajing geothermal development are analyzed and some countermeasures are proposed.     

Goniothalamicin and annonacin: Bioactive acetogenins fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Using brine shrimp lethality for activity-directed fractionation, goniothalamicin (I), a new tetrahydroxy-mono-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), has been isolated from ethanolic extracts of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae). This novel compound was found to be cytotoxic and insecticidal and inhibited the formation of crown gall tumors on potato discs. Annonacin (II), the only other reported mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, was also isolated; the previously reported 9ASK (astrocytoma reversal) activity ofII was confirmed, andII is now also found to be weakly active against 3PS murine leukemia.     

Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin,with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings,fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae)

Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid -lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).     

Kinetic model for the smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems

The smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems of New Zealand can be simulated by a first-order reaction kinetic model, which provides direct estimates about the minumum ages of active geothermal systems themselves. The derived kinetic values show that the smectite to illite transformation is sensitive to both temperature and time.     

福州温泉区地下热水有限元数值模拟研究

福州温泉区蕴藏着丰富的地下热水,然而长时间的过量开采,已造成地热水位下降,热水资源逐渐枯竭.针对这一状况,在对福州市温泉区复杂的地质概况及水文地质条件进行概化的基础上,对热田区热水动态进行三维有限元数值模拟,对其允许开采量进行了现状评估与预测分析     

辽河盆地东部凹陷地热史与油气

辽河盆地东部凹陷是在晚白垩世—古新世区域隆起背景上形成的新生代板内裂陷。其构造演化经历了穹窿作用→火山作用→裂陷作用→热沉降作用等阶段，盆地形成机制属“主动裂陷”。利用研究区镜煤反射率（Ｒ０）实测值的统计分析资料，采用Ｒｏｙｄｅｎ和Ｋｅｅｎ提出的有岩脉侵入的非均匀伸展地热史模型，重建古热流和古地温，并计算成熟度Ｃ值。研究结果表明，东部凹陷的沙三段生油岩已进入生油窗；在凹陷的东部陡坡带具有较好的油气远景。     

赤峰南部-朝阳地区地热田成因及地质模式

针对赤峰南部—朝阳地区地热田中低温对流型地热系统，在研究其地质构造、水源补给、浅部冷水混合作用影响等特征及其成因的基础上，建立了该区地热田成因的地质模式。研究表明：在地形高差和相应的水力压差的作用下，近东西向导水断层汇集补给区大气降水，并成为地下深部径流通道，地下水经正常或偏高的大地热流加热后，在近东西向断层与导水性差的另一条断层交汇部位的构造破碎带上涌形成地热田。     

华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿成矿流体地球化学及其矿床成因意义

较系统的流体包裹体观测显示:①华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿中存在两种不同体系的流体包裹体,一为具中低盐度、NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅰ型);二为具中高盐度、CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅱ型);其中后者为该类矿床中首次确定;②存在2个不同期次的成矿流体,其中铂多金属矿层和其下伏磷块岩中碳酸盐石英网脉的流体包裹体特征基本一致,可能代表主成矿期流体,其均一温度峰值为170℃左右,而盐度具双峰式特征,峰值分别为27%～31%和4%～6%;矿层之上碳酸盐石英脉中流体包裹体可能代表了晚期成矿流体,其均一温度多为130～170℃左右,盐度峰值在12%～14%;③在早寒武世,接受了巨厚沉积的扬子克拉通南缘加里东冒地槽中的盆地热卤水受挤压而顺层侧向迁移,从地层中汲取Ni、Mo、V和PGE等成矿元素,形成中高盐度的CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系成矿热液,沿断裂上升并与NaCl-H2O体系海水混合,形成黑色岩系中的铂多金属矿床(点).     

四元含锂铷氯化物水盐体系298.2 K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元含锂铷氯化物体系Li+,Na+,Rb+//Cl--H2O 298.2K下的相平衡关系,测定了平衡液相的溶解度、密度和折光率.基于实验数据,绘制了该四元体系的立体图、干基图、密度-组成图和折光率-组成图.该四元体系298.2K下的介稳相图由1个共饱和点,3条单变量曲线和3个结晶区(RbCl、NaCl、LiCl·H2O)组成.将研究的结果同LiCl+KCl+RbCl+H2O体系进行了对比和分析,总结Na+和K+对三元体系Li+,Rb+//Cl--H2O的影响.应用折光率计算的经验公式对实验测定的折光率进行了验证,其最大绝对误差小于-0.0090,从而证明了实验数据的可靠性.     

基于遥感技术的腾冲地热异常区识别

重点探讨用遥感技术识别腾冲火山地热区的地表热异常。考察地表温度的概率分布,提出了基于统计方法来识别地表温度异常区的思路。同时,采用按高程信息来分区识别地表温度异常区,以减小腾冲地区高程对地表温度分布的影响,并结合遥感地质构造解译和蚀变岩体遥感填图结果,圈定腾冲地区地热异常区的空间分布情况。共发现8处地热异常区,其中3处是本次研究识别出来的。与有关地热田、热泉、火山的分布资料的对比分析,结果显示所圈定的地热异常区是较合理的。腾冲地热异常区的空间分布明显受到区内地质构造控制,并跟地表高温异常和岩体蚀变等遥感反演信息有密切的联系。