化学物质对自由生活线虫毒性效应生物标志物研究进展

自由生活线虫在环境中分布广泛,是理想的毒理学研究模型动物。目前,以秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)为代表的模型动物已得到广泛应用,并筛选出大量用于毒理学研究的生物标志物。本文综述了自由生活线虫作为生物标志物模型动物的优势,以及应用于环境毒理学的行为、生理、生化生物标志物的研究进展,并展望了未来发展趋势和研究方向。     

不同天然基质对条斑紫菜丝状体培养的影响

为筛选适宜条斑紫菜(Neopyropia yezoensis)生长的天然培养基质,并为贝壳替代基质研究打下基础,本研究比较分析了多种培养基质对条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体着生、生长与壳孢子放散的影响,在16℃、(12.5±1.0)μmol/(m²·s)光照强度下,接种条斑紫菜Y-9101丝状体于文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)壳、近江牡蛎(Ostrea rivularis)壳、三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)壳、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)壳、海月蛤(Placuna placenta)壳、鸡蛋壳和珍珠等生物合成基质以及方解石原石、霰石原石、几丁质碎片与壳聚糖薄膜上,并培养至壳孢子放散,利用光学与电子显微镜等,观测丝状体的着生效率、水平生长速率、纵向生长深度及壳孢子放散量。结果显示,条斑紫菜丝状体可在生物合成基质与壳聚糖薄膜表面着生并向外呈自由丝状体样生长,向内只在生物合成基质中形成贝壳丝状体,未发现生长于壳聚糖薄膜内,且未在方解石原石、霰石原石与几丁质碎片内部着生。贝壳丝状体在近江牡蛎壳与鸡蛋壳中着生效率最高,分别达(...     

坛紫菜自由丝状体发育的诱导试验

应用不同来源及不同培养状态的坛紫菜自由丝状体,进行了初步的发育诱导试验.结果表明:可以在室内诱导紫菜自由丝状体的发育,使处于不同生长状态的坛紫菜自由丝状体从营养藻丝转化为孢子囊枝,转化的速度与原来的生长状态有关.不同的品系的自由丝状体在相同的诱导条件下,表现的结果是不一样的,应用于栽培生产的自由丝状体容易形成孢子囊枝.温度是诱导自由丝状体发育的重要因素.PO43--p的添加量为20～30 mg/L范围内,自由丝状体出现孢子囊枝的时间接近,当PO3-4-P的添加量超过40 mg/L或少于20 mg-L以后,对自由丝状体的发育不利.     

南黄海自由生活线虫的分类学研究

综述了国内外自由生活海洋线虫分类学的研究情况,对南黄海自由生活线虫进行了调查取样和分类学研究,共鉴定出自由生活海洋线虫223种或分类实体,隶属于145个属,32科,4目,其中建立了2个新属,发现并描述了18个新种．列出了南黄海海洋线虫的种名录,并对其中的2个新属Abelbolla gen．nov．,Paramphimonhystrella gen．nov．和18个新种Abelbolla boucheri sp．nov. ,Abelbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov. ,Abelbolla warwicki sp. nov. ,Belbolla huanghaiensis sp. nov. , Belbolla stenocephalum sp. nov. , Belbolla warwicki sp. nov. , Curvolaimus filiformis sp. nov. ,Trichotheristus articularus sp. nov. ,Oncholaimus multisetosus sp. nov. ,Sabatieria stenocephalus sp. nov. , Setosabatieria coomansi sp. nov. , Paramicrolaimus boucheri sp. nov. , Terschellingia major sp. nov. ,Halalaimus longiamphidus sp. nov. ,Leptolaimodes decorus sp. nov. , Paramphimonhystrella elegans sp. nov. ,Paramphimonhystrella minor sp. nov. 和 Paramphimonhystrella sinica sp. nov. 进行了描述。     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Pseudosteineria (Monohysterida: Xyalidae) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematode, Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. and Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov., from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Pseudosteineria sinica sp. nov. is characterized by body spindle-shaped, cuticle distinctly annulated; amphidial fovea not visible; spicules unequal in length, the longer one divided into two sections jointed in the middle, the shorter one simple, without indentation; both spicules curved with proximal capitulum, tapered distally; gubernaculum with a dorso-caudal apophysis. Pseudosteineria zhangi sp. nov. is characterized by eight groups of relatively short subcephalic setae; amphidial fovea circular, lying at level of grouped subcephalic setae; spicules paired, equal in length, dissimilar in shape; right spicule slender, left one with a large manubrium proximally; gubernaculum bucket-shaped, with a dorsal apophysis. A key to species is provided for the 13 valid species of the genus.     

Two new free-living marine nematode species of Chromadoridae (Nematoda: Chromadorida) from the Yellow Sea,China

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes, Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. and Prochromadorella gracilis sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Ptycholaimellus ocellatus sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of ocelli, an abruptly narrowing anterior cervical region, a cuticle with transverse rows of punctations, a lateral differentiation with two longitudinal rows of thick elongate dots, and voluminous ventral gland with a large ampulla. Prochromadorella gracila sp. nov. is characterized by the combination of lateral differentiations in the anterior pharyngeal region, a small conical stoma with outstretched teeth, slit-like amphidial fovea, and five pre-cloacal supplements.     

自由生活线虫的研究进展

近年来自由生活线虫作为生物学研究的模式动物日益受到重视,尤其是新新华美小杆线虫因其易保存、生活周期短、基因组小等原因被广泛应用于生物学研究的各个领域.本文就新华美小杆线虫在发育生物学、基因和分子生物学方面与其它后生物的相似性和同源性以及转基因线虫在毒力学方面的应用进行综述,旨在表明新华美小杆线虫将成为理想的模式动物为生命科学研究开辟一个广阔的前景.     

光照强度对条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝生长及生理指标的影响

为探究条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝扩增的适宜光照条件,本研究以条斑紫菜新品种"苏通1号"自由丝状体营养藻丝为材料,研究不同光照强度(5,15,30,45,60,75μmol·m-2·s-1)对营养藻丝生长及生理特性的影响.结果显示,经25 d培养后,条斑紫菜自由丝状体营养藻丝在15μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度下生长较...     

Two new species of the genus Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky (Nematoda: Cyatholaimidae) from the Yellow Sea

Two new free-living marine nematode species of Paracyatholaimus Micoletzky, 1923 Paracyatholaimus qingdaoensis sp. nov. and Paracyatholaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov. from the Yellow Sea, China are described. Paracyatholaimus qingdaoensis sp. nov. is characterized by cylindrical body with conical tail; spicules reverse S-shaped, distally pointed; gubernaculum plate, with two cusps at distal end, parallel to the spicules; 10 thick setose precloacal supplements in a 5 + 5 arrangement, anterior group of five supplements located at a protuberance. Paracyatholaimus huanghaiensis sp. nov. is characterized by a cylindrical body with conic-cylindrical tail; slender spicules curved, distally pointed; gubernaculum handle-shaped, expanding distally to a plate, with some sawteeth at distal end; three papillose precloacal supplements, each papilla protruding conically with cuticularized narrow ducts. A key for identification of species of Paracyatholaimus is proposed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A8E40E5-AE7A-47DA-B755-61E1D088C1E9     

培养条件对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)(Rhodophyta)自由丝状体超低温保存的影响

通过培养条件对坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis T．J．Chang et B．F．Zheng)自由丝状俸超低温保存的影响的研究,结果表明：不同培养条件,存活率不同;生长旺盛的丝状体存活率较低;经抗寒锻炼的丝状体有一定的存活率;在适于形成膨大藻丝的条件下,丝状体存活率最高,可达60％以上．