Characterization of the flagellar biosynthesis regulatory geneflbD inAzospirillum brasilense

A flagellar gene cluster fragment includingflbD ofAzospirillum brasilense was cloned and sequenced. TheflbD mutant strain was found to be nonmotile—losing both polar and lateral flagella (Fla⁻Laf⁻). Motility and flagella were regained by complementation with plasmid-borne multicopyflbD, but altered with larger swarming circle and fewer lateral flagella on the semisolid plate. This result indicated that FlbD plays an important role in the regulation of both polar and lateral flagellar biosynthesis inA. brasilense.     

一种基于旋转矩阵分解的视觉伺服控制算法

针对传统视觉伺服控制算法易使目标物品脱离摄像机视野而致伺服失败的缺点,从表征当前摄像机坐标系与期望摄像机坐标系姿态关系的旋转矩阵中分解出了等效转轴和等效转角,利用它们构造了一种可以有效控制摄像机朝向的任务函数矢量,并推导出了表征任务函数矢量变化量与摄像机运动速度间非线性映射关系的雅可比矩阵。然后构造了任务函数,并根据李雅普诺夫第二方法设计了解耦的视觉伺服控制律,最后对所设计的控制律进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,使用旋转矩阵分解方法构造的任务函数矢量来控制摄像机朝向,可使目标物体始终位于摄像机的视野之内,从而有效避免伺服失败。     

莱茵衣藻鞭毛内运输蛋白IFT81调控鞭毛组装

利用插入突变的方式获得了一株衣藻不运动突变体ift81,该突变体表现出鞭毛缺失或者短鞭毛的性状。基因序列分析表明,外源基因aphⅧ插入了突变体中IFT81( intraflagellar transport, IFT)基因的第五个外显子内,并导致该外显子原有的52个碱基对被替换。把含有完整IFT81基因的重组质粒导入突变体ift81后,其鞭毛恢复为野生型且可以检测到IFT81-HA融合蛋白的表达,这证明突变体的鞭毛缺陷确实是由于IFT81基因突变所导致。电镜观察显示突变体中鞭毛的显微结构发生改变,免疫荧光实验证实IFT81蛋白主要定位于基体和鞭毛部位。上述结果表明：IFT81蛋白缺失会导致衣藻鞭毛组装缺陷,在鞭毛组装所需蛋白的运输过程中,IFT81蛋白是必不可少的。     

细菌鞭毛两种染色方法的比较研究

鞭毛是微生物的重要结构,对于微生物的分类有着十分重要的作用。目前,在鞭毛染色上虽有不少方法,但在一般实验条件下观察起来仍有困难。文章对石炭酸复红鞭毛染色法和石炭酸结晶紫鞭毛染色法进行了比较研究。结果发现:石炭酸复红鞭毛染色法背景清晰,80%～90%的细菌有鞭毛,菌体红色,鞭毛淡红色,染色效果理想。而且,这种方法快速、有效、简便易行,更适于在实验教学中应用。     

Development of a propulsion system for a biomimetic thruster

We studied theoretically and experimentally a biomimetic propulsion system inspired by the motility mechanisms of bacteria such as E. coli. Our goal was to investigate the effect of the "complex" filament of Rhizobium Meliloti bacteria on thrust force. The complex filament is a helically perturbed filament,similar to a plain filament threaded through a small helix. The propulsive performance of this system was estimated by modeling the dynamics of helical wave motion in viscous fluid. The model consists of a helical filament which is axially rotated at angular velocity ω. Resistive force theory(RFT) was applied to this model to calculate the thrust force and required torque. The Buckingham PI theorem(non-dimensional analysis) was also used to analyze the theoretical results. The procedure for making a complex filament with various pitch angles θs from a small helix and plain filament is explained in detail. To validate the theoretical results for helical wave propulsion and compare the characteristics of complex and plain filaments together,an experiment was performed to measure the thrust forces in silicone oil. The experimental results agreed with the theoretical values predicted by RFT. The thrust forces of complex filaments depended on the shape of small helix winding. The maximum thrust force was achieved at a small helix pitch angle of θs = 45°. In addition,we found that the thrust force generated by a complex filament had a value about 10% higher than that of a plain filament with the same equivalent diameter de.     

Micro-robot design based on swimming mechanism of bacterial flagella

Nanomachines are controllable machines at the nano meter or molecular scale that are composed of nano-scale components.They have their own mechanochemistry,dynamics,workspace,and usability and are composed of nature's building blocks:namely proteins,DNA,and other compounds.Some bacteria(i.e.Escherichia coli)swim by rotating helical flagella.The structure and motion character of the flagellum are introduced.Through the study,a micro-robot was designed and its mechanical structure was explained in this paper....     

Micro-robot design based on swimming mechanism of bacterial flagella

Nanomachines are controllable machines at the nano meter or molecular scale that are composed of nanoscale components. They have their own mechanochemistry, dynamics, workspace, and usability and are composed of natures building blocks: namely proteins, DNA, and other compounds. Some bacteria (i. e. Escherichia coli) swim by rotating helical flagella. The structure and motion character of the flagellum are introduced. Through the study, a microrobot was designed and its mechanical structure was explained in this paper. In the future, the bionic microrobot is expected tobe built, which can travel inside the human body and carry out a host of complex operations such as minimally invasive surgery, highly localized drug delivery, and screening for diseases that are in their very early stages. It is important to medicine and could be applied in other areas, including space exploration, electronics and military.     

Micro-robot design based on swimming mechanism of bacterial flagella

Nanomachines are controllable machines at the nano meter or molecular scale that are composed of nano-scale components. They have their own mechanochemistry, dynamics, workspace, and usability and are composed of natures building blocks: namely proteins, DNA, and other compounds. Some bacteria (i. e. Escherichia coli) swim by rotating helical flagella. The structure and motion character of the flagellum are introduced. Through the study, a micro-robot was designed and its mechanical structure was explained in this paper. In the future, the bionic micro-robot is expected tobe built, which can travel inside the human body and carry out a host of complex operations such as minimally invasive surgery, highly localized drug delivery, and screening for diseases that are in their very early stages. It is important to medicine and could be applied in other areas, including space exploration, electronics and military.