处理酿酒厂和乙酸废水生物颗粒中的细胞外聚合物

处理酿酒厂废水的生物颗粒与乙酸的生物颗粒相比,具有相当强的抗损耗和溶解能力是因为较高含量的ECP.每mg由Methanothrix细菌组成的后者平均只含有0.09 mg的ECP.但是前者含有0.15 mg的ECP,主要是因为高含量的ECP存在于位于生物颗粒表面的hydrolytic/fermentative 细菌和中间层的syntrophic细菌之中的缘故.     

Internalization of polypeptide hormones and receptor recycling

Conclusion The insulin receptor is an integral protein of the plasma membrane of the cell. It is composed of two subunits: an subunit, which binds the hormone, and a subunit which is a tyrosine specific protein kinase capable of undergoing autophosphorylation. These independent subunits are synthesized by way of a higher molecular weight single chain precursor and thus are the product of a single gene^{29, 49, 85} localized to chromosome 19^{29, 91}. Assuming that the insulin receptor is synthesized in the same fashion as other integral membrane glycoproteins, then the nucleus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are involved in its biosynthesis. Further, there must be some form of transport of the mature receptor subunits to the plasma membrane where they are inserted.By contrast, the endocytotic route involves coated pits, coated vesicles, large clear vesicles or endosomes, multivesicular bodies and other lysosomal forms. In addition, it is possible that some other as yet unidentified organelle is involved in recycling (fig. 8). At the present time, with respect to the insulin receptor, the biosynthetic pathway and the endocytotic pathway appear to be separate. Further, it does not appear that either pathway, i. e. synthesis or endocytosis, exerts a regulatory function over the other.     

Effects of extracellular calmodulin on pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of calmoddin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose, anti-CaM serum and exogenous purified CaM on pollen germination and tube growth ofForsythia suspensu were studied. The pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by CaM antagonist W7-agarose. The addition of exogenous purified CaM stimulated pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous purified CaM. The tube growth of germinated pollen was also inhibited or completely stopped by W7-agarose. The results suggest that endogenous extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes.     

野油菜黄单胞菌8004胞外酶及多糖合成正负调控基因在X.c.NK01菌中功能初探

利用野油菜黄单胞菌（Xanthomonascompestris）8004正、负调控胞外酶及多糖合成的基因片断分别经三亲本接合方法导入黄单胞菌NK01抗性突变株中，测定接合于四种胞外酶活力和多糖合成能力，确定该正、负调控基因对NK01的作用．结果表明，负调控基因作用明显，使NK01胞外多糖及胞外酶产量显著降低，正调控基因未见明显的胞外酶及多糖合成的增强作用．本文并对正、负调控基因的作用方式作了初步探讨．     

Concept of an extracellular regulation of muscular metabolic rate during heavy exercise in humans by psychophysiological feedback

Efferent motor signals to skeletal muscles concern not only the space/time pattern of motion, but also the setting of muscular performance and through this the control of the current metabolic rate. For an optimal adjustment of metabolic rate during heavy exercise — e.g. in athletic competitions — a feedback control system must exist, including a programmer that takes into consideration a finishing point (teleoanticipation). The presented experiments, using Borg's scale, indicate the existence and functioning of a system for optimal adjustment of performance during heavy exercise and the relevance of teleoanticipatory effects. Thus motor learning includes not only somatosensory control, but also metabolic control. With regard to migratory birds, such metabolic control would have to operate in the individual as well as in the migrating flock as a whole.     

搅拌式光生物反应器培养紫球藻的条件优化

研究在光生物反应器中搅拌速度、通气量、光照强度和装液量对紫球藻生长的影响.实验结果表明:在摇床培养过程中,紫球藻的生物量和胞外多糖随着三角瓶装液量的减少而增加.通过正交试验对搅拌式光生物反应器的三个培养条件通气量、搅拌转速和光照强度进行优化,获得搅拌式光生物反应器培养紫球藻的最佳条件为通气量120L/h、搅拌转速200r/min和光照强度5000lx,在该条件下紫球藻的生物量为2.548g/L、胞外多糖557.2mg/L.正交试验分析表明,三个培养条件中通气量对藻生物量和胞外多糖含量的影响最明显.通过采用DPS软件对正交实验结果进行二次多项式模型分析和拟合,以生物量和胞外多糖为指标建立回归模型,得到相应的优化条件和预测值.     

Inducing dopaminergic differentiation of expanded rat mesencephalic neural stem cells by ascorbic acid in vitro

Ascorbic acid (AA) induced differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reported.NSCs derived from rat mesencephalon were maintained and expanded in a defined medium containing mitogens of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Compared with the control, ascorbic acid treatment led to more DAergic neuronal differentiation as indicated by the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which are specific markers of dopamine neurons.AA induction also enhanced expression of Nurr1 and Shh.PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, could block AA-induced Nurr1, TH and DAT mRNA expression.The results might suggest a new strategy to provide enough dopaminergic cells for the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD), and Nurr1 and ERK signaling pathway might participate in the AA-induced DAergic differentiation.     

Receptor communication within the lymphocyte plasma membrane: a role for the thrombospondin family of matricellular proteins

Lymphocytes, the principal cells of the immune system, carry out immune surveillance throughout the body by their unique capacity to constantly reposition themselves between a free-floating vascular state and a tissue state characterized by migration and frequent adhesive interactions with endothelial cells and components of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, mechanisms co-ordinating adhesion and migration with signals delivered through antigen recognition probably play a pivotal role for the regulation of lymphocyte behaviour and function. Endogenous thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) seems to be the hub in such a mechanism for autocrine regulation of T cell adhesion and migration. TSP-1 functions as a mediator of cis interaction of vital receptors within the T lymphocyte plasma membrane, including integrins, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, calreticulin and integrin-associated protein. Received 1 June 2006; received after revision 28 June 2006; accepted 11 October 2006