On the mechanism of eutectic structure

The criteria for stabilities of eutectics, solid solutions and precipitates are proposed. Based on the Thomas- Fermi- Dirac model on the boundary conditions, electron densities and chemical potentials should be equal in ei ther side of a composite film. The optimum condition for the energy balance and the sizes of films of eutectics is given.     

铸造共晶铝硅合金中析出相对断裂行为的影响

通过对铸造共晶Al-Si合金断口及析出相的分析研究了拉伸过程中基体内析出相的断裂特点.结果发现：拉伸过程中基体内初、共晶硅以穿晶断裂为主,这与颗粒内部存在的结构缺陷有关;直径小于2.0μm的初晶硅能够抑制二次裂纹的扩展.块状富铁相表现出穿晶断裂特点,鱼骨状富铁相中的微裂纹沿一次枝晶轴向生长.富铜相对裂纹扩展具有强烈地偏折作用;以富铁相为核心析出的富铜相能抑制富铁相中微裂纹的形成.提高合金中Cu含量可以降低富铁相的有害作用,改善合金的力学性能.     

微拉法制备氧化物共晶复相陶瓷的研究进展

概述了国外学者用定向凝固微拉法制备氧化物共晶陶瓷,并介绍了二元共晶体系和三元共晶体系中以微拉法制备出的多种规格氧化物共晶纤维和共晶棒。发现使用经过简单变更的坩埚,制备大体积的晶体可以实现良好的微观结构和力学性能。     

Growth characteristics of directionally solidified Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary hypereutectic in situ composites under ultra-high temperature gradient

Oxide eutectic ceramic in situ composites have attracted significant interest in the application of high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent high-temperature strength,oxidation and creep resistance,as well as outstanding microstructural stability.The directionally solidified ternary Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 hypereutectic in situ composite was successfully prepared by a laser zone remelting method,aiming to investigate the growth characteristic under ultra-high temperature gradient.The microstructures and phase composition of the as-solidified hypereutectic were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the composite presents a typical hypereutectic lamellar microstructure consisting of fine Al2O3 and YAG phases,and the enriched ZrO2 phases with smaller sizes are randomly distributed at the Al2O3/YAG interface and in Al2O3 phases.Laser power and scanning rate strongly affect the sample quality and microstructure characteristic.Additionally,coarse colony microstructures were also observed,and their formation and the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure were discussed.     

蠕墨铸铁及其应用

本文介绍了国内外制取蠕墨铸铁用的蠕化剂,处理方法以及它的组织和性能,并着重介绍蠕墨铸铁的用途和经济效果.     

New approach for assessing the weldability of precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloys

A new procedure was proposed for evaluating the weldability of nickel-base superalloys. The theory is on the basis of two microstructural patterns. In pattern I, the weld microstructure exhibits severe alloying segregation, many low-melting eutectic structures, and low weldability. The weld requires a weaker etchant and a shorter time for etching. In pattern II, the weld microstructure displays less alloying segregation, low quantity of eutectic structures, and high weldability. The weld needs a stronger etchant and a longer time for etching. Five superalloys containing different amounts of Nb and Ti were designed to verify the patterns. After welding operations, the welds were etched by four etchants with different corrosivities. The weldability was determined by TG-DSC measurements. The metallography and weldability results confirmed the theoretic patterns. Finally, the etchant corrosivity and etching time were proposed as new criteria to evaluate the weldability of nickel-base superalloys.