抗癌药物蓖麻油提取物的气相色谱分析

文[1]曾报道将蓖麻油提取物精制品制成乳剂和多相脂质体,进行动物体内外抗癌活性实验,结果表明该提取物具有较强的抗癌活性,但其抗癌活性成分的组成和含量尚不清楚.本实验就蓖麻油提取物的组成和含量进行气相色谱分析.     

乙醇对小白鼠胚胎的毒性和维生素的解毒作用

乙醇对小白鼠有致畸效应,尤其是对中枢神经系统(CNS)和骨骼系统.适量的维生素B_1和烟酰胺能解除由乙醇引起的小白鼠胎鼠毒害作用.     

The effect of ethanol on the biosynthesis and regulation of opioid peptides

Summary Alcoholism and alcohol abuse are serious health problems. Alcohol is known to influence the activity of a number of biological systems, for example the hormonal and neuronal systems. One of the biological systems whose activity is greatly influenced by alcohol is the endogenous opiate system. Alcohol modifies the function of both opiate receptors and opioid peptides. In fact it has been proposed that many of the effects of ethanol are mediated by its effects on the endogenous opiate system. This review will present results from various laboratories on the effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatments on various species, and on the release, biosynthesis and post-translational processing of the endorphins, enkephalins and dynorphins, the three known families of endogenous opioid peptides. Furthermore, the effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on the -endorphin system in man, and the possible implications of the functional activity of the endogenous opiate system for the genetic predisposition to alcoholism will be discussed.     

Studies on some enzymes of the toad (Bufo melanostictus) testis and their probable role at the time of fertilization

Summary Glycosidases like sialidase,-galactosidase, -L-fucosidase, N-acetyl hexosaminidase and proteases were detected in toad testis. Neuraminic acid aldolase activity was also detected. The enzyme activities were found to vary as production of spermatozoa varied. All enzymes, except N-acetyl glucosaminidase, were shown to decrease after injection of toad pituitary extract and they were also found to be absent from testis containing no spermatozoa. The glycosidases were found to act on toad oviduct jelly and they may therefore be involved in the degradation of the jelly after fertilization, into smaller bits, which may be utilized as nutrients by the fertilized zygote.Acknowledgment. We thank Prof. T.R. Ramaiah, Head of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Mysore, for his help. We also acknowledge the financial assistance of University Grants Commission to one of us (MS) and CSIR through a grant No. 9 (165)83/EMR-II to HSS. Please address all correspondence to H.S. Seshadri.     

木芙蓉叶抗菌活性及其有效部位研究

采用乙醇回流法对木芙蓉叶粉末进行活性成分提取,用不同极性溶剂（石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水）对粗提物分别进行萃取。采用连续稀释法评价粗提物及其萃取组分对多种细菌的抗菌活性。结果显示乙酸乙酯和石油醚层萃取组分的抑菌活性良好,对各种菌株的最低抗菌浓度（MIC）在1.25~5 mg/mL之间。其中,石油醚萃取组分对枯草芽孢杆菌CMCC 63501的最小抗菌浓度达到0.625 mg/mL,抗菌效果最佳。乙酸乙酯萃取组分对四种耐药菌株也表现出较好的抗菌活性,其MIC值达到1.25或者2.5 mg/mL。本研究初步确定木芙蓉叶乙醇提取物具备广谱的抗菌活性,其有效部位为石油醚与乙酸乙酯萃取相,这为木芙蓉叶抗菌成分的提取分离及抗菌产品的开发提供了科学的理论及实验依据。     

女贞子中有效成分齐墩果酸的提取

用超声方法从中药女贞子中提取齐墩果酸。通过正交实验，紫外光谱法测定，考察了三种主要因素即溶剂体积，温度和时间对齐墩果酸提取含量的影响，得到了齐墩果酸的最佳提取条件为，样品：溶剂=1：4，提取温度40℃，提取时间45min。     

黄芪多糖的提取

改进了传统水煮醇沉从黄芪中提取多糖的方法.在适当的温度进行提取,避免将多种物质同时提出, 使提取物的组成单一.第一次提取物的纯度能达到96％以上,且外观为白色,再经一次提纯后纯度可达到99％ 以上.     

壳聚糖在中药药液澄清中的应用

天然高分子甲壳素的糖基脱去部分乙酰基所得的产物壳聚糖是一种线性高分子碳水化合物，被广泛应用于医药、化工、环保等领域。综述了壳聚糖的分布、一般性质、吸附澄清原理，及其在澄清中药提取液和制剂上的应用现状，对比了壳聚糖作为吸附澄清剂的新工艺和传统醇沉工艺，指出壳聚糖是一种安全无毒、价廉的优良吸附澄清剂，探讨了壳聚糖代替传统醇沉工艺应用于精制中药提取液和制剂的可行性和存在的问题，并提出了今后工作的建议。     

菠菜色素的提取及性能测试

本文研究了菠菜色素的提取工艺,以及色素对光、热、酸、碱的稳定性,为天然色素的提取和应用提供了科学依据。     

文蛤抽提液对锯缘青蟹小触角弹动频率的影响

用行为学方法研究了不同浓度的文蛤抽提液对锯缘青蟹小触角弹动频率变化的影响.结果发现,小触角静息弹动频率为82～85次·min-1,而文蛤抽提液原液可使弹动频率提高到123次·min-1左右(应答性弹动频率).另外,文蛤抽提液的对数浓度变动(从原液稀释至10-10倍)与小触角应答性弹动增量之间存在线性关系,且小触角检测阈值低于10-10倍的稀释液.