广东种子植物区系的特有属研究Ⅱ．地区特有属及粤西南－桂东南特有现象中心

广东省种子植物区系中有较丰富的地区特有属，如绣球茜草属、拟九节属、报春苣苔属、四数苣苔属、双片苣苔属、虎颜花属、梅兰属和异枝竹属等，另在两广交界地区分布有很多共特有属及中国特有属，形成了粤西南－桂东南特有现象中心，构成了中国南部植物区系的一个重要特征     

水城茨冲地方性氟病与氟环境地球化学关系

分析了茨冲地方性氟病不同地球化学环境中氟的分布，迁移转化，认为地区的高氟燃烧煤污染和富氟岩土，是导致该区产生地方性氟病的分质原因。     

‘On the rocks’: reproductive biology of the endemic toad Xanthophryne (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Western Ghats,India

Xanthophryne is a toad genus endemic to the northern Western Ghats of India, with two extant sister species – Xanthophryne koynayensis and Xanthophryne tigerina. Both species are local endemics and endangered. We studied reproductive biology of these toads and found that they are specialized to the lateritic rocky outcrops at mid-elevations in high rainfall areas. Xanthophryne toads have sporadic, multiple spawning bouts lasting 2–4 days during early monsoon. In this explosive breeding behaviour, we observed male toads to engage in ‘pelvic thrusts’, a unique and novel behaviour among anurans. Females oviposit in shallow pools in depressions of lateritic boulders where their tadpoles metamorphose. These ephemeral rocky pools have limited resources and they desiccate rapidly with a break in the rains. To mitigate the stochastic risk of desiccation and subsequent large-scale egg/tadpole mortality, females may disperse their reproductive investment spatially and temporally in multiple clutches, and tadpoles metamorphose rapidly. Here, we describe the amplexus, spawning and male advertisement call, and provide a comparative account of the life history traits of the two Xanthophryne species. These toads face numerous threats and are in need of urgent conservation action. These toads, seemingly well adapted to the isolated rocky outcrops, offer an excellent opportunity to understand endemism, mating systems, anuran ecology and behaviour.     

四合木花石油醚提取物的化学成分分析

以石油醚为溶剂,采用热回流法得到四合木花石油醚提取物,利用GC-MS联用技术分析鉴定其化学成分,共鉴定出24种化合物,其中烷烃类化合物10种、羧酸类化合物5种、酯类化合物3种、萜类化合物3种、甾体类化合物3种,共占样品总量的85.19%.四合木花石油醚提取物中相对含量最高的成分是Tetratetracontane（18.08%）,其次为Eicosane（15.77%）,再次是Nonacosane（13.43%）.这些化学成分的组成和含量在一定程度上反映了四合木对花期气候和分布区生态环境的适应性.     

Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

安康试验点精神发育迟滞遗传方式的探讨

目的探讨安康试验点精神发育迟滞的遗传方式,为该试验点精神发育迟滞儿童的综合防治提供依据。方法运用分离分析法和多基因阈值理论进行遗传流行病学分析。结果在安康试验点人群中,由非特异性精神发育迟滞和神经型亚克汀病所致精神发育迟滞的遗传率分别为86.61 11.10%和81.80 9.76%,最大似然法和理论子女总数法计算结果表明,不同婚配类型子女的患病率与理论患病率均无显著性差异。结论安康试验点存在两种精神发育迟滞,它们的遗传方式可能均为具有主效基因的多基因遗传。     

Small giants from Madagascan caves: autapomorphic giantism in the new cave-dwelling planthopper Tsingya clarkei gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Meenoplidae)

A new giant cave-dwelling species of planthopper of the family Meenoplidae (Fulgoromorpha) is described from the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park in western Madagascar, with information on its distribution and ecology. As the new species could not be placed in any of the previously described genera, a new genus is established. This is the first record of a cavernicolous meenoplid from the Afrotropical Region, and the second cave-dwelling Fulgoromorphan species from Madagascar. It is also the second example of island gigantism in the Fulgoromorpha from Madagascar.     

Redescription of Unio tumidiformis Castro, 1885 (Bivalvia,Unionidae), an endemism from the south-western Iberian Peninsula

The ground plan of the bot flies (Oestridae, part) is compared with those of Ephydroidea and Calyptratae. Comparative anatomy suggests that the bot flies are unlikely to have arisen from within Calyptratae and that their derivation from near the base of Ephydroidea is more probable. A large body of evidence is assembled to counter the theory that would place Oestridae within the Tachinidae family-group. It is shown that Hippoboscoidea is unlikely to be monophyletic. The fit of Glossinidae to the suggested ground plan profile of the Ephydroidea/bot flies is shown to be good.     

崖柏球花和球果形态特征的补充描述

崖柏(Thuja sutchuenensis Franch.)是我国特有植物,为濒危物种,在1998年世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中曾被确认为野外绝灭.已有文献中缺少对崖柏雌球花形态的描述,对雄球花小孢子叶数目和形态、每小孢子叶具小孢子囊数、球果种鳞数、可育种鳞位置、种子特征的描述也不够全面.本文根据野外居群的观察和标本研究对上述形态特征进行了补充描述,同时,对不同发育阶段雄球花形态和种子败育特征进行了观察.     

湖南省苦苣苔科植物物种多样性分析

通过对中国湖南省苦苣苔科植物野外调查以及文献资料整理,从苦苣苔科植物的属种组成、区系成分及地理分布特征等方面,阐述湖南省苦苣苔植物多样性现状。湖南省内共有苦苣苔科植物17属81种(含种下单位,下同),无特有属;特有种23种,占总种数28.40%。省内苦苣苔科植物主要分布于湘西北和湘西南地区。种数排前五的属为广义报春苣苔属(24种)、广义马铃苣苔属(17种)、半蒴苣苔属(9种)、石山苣苔属(6种)、长蒴苣苔属(5种)及吊石苣苔属(5种)。地理成分以热带成分为主。在种的分类水平上,特有成分所含种数32种,占总种数的45.07%,表明湖南省苦苣苔科植物特有性较高。针对苦苣苔科植物分布特性以及湖南苦苣苔科植物多样性现状,本文给出了合理保护与开发利用省内野生资源的建议。