The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral and neurochemical aspects of emotionality in rats

Summary Three pairings of rats (two derived from divergent, selective breeding and one from divergent environmental conditions) were compared with regard to behavioral and hormonal parameters. Striking differences were observed: results obtained in our own laboratory as well as those found in a review of the literature pointed to higher emotionality (e.g., increased defecation and corticosterone secretion, etc.) in Roman low-avoidance, Wistar-Kyoto and group-housed rats, as compared to their respective counterparts, Roman high-avoidance, spontaneously hypertensive, and individually housed Wistar rats. Concomitant receptor binding studies reviewed here (³H-diazepam- and³H-imipramine-binding sites) have revelaed, however, less consistent intrapair differences.     

Rationality and Emotionality——On the plot of Pride and Prejudice

Jane Austen was a writer in the age of rationality, which surely leaves its imprint upon her works Pride and Prejudice. The ＂pride＂ and ＂prejudice＂ of the heroes and heroines in the novel manifest the fact that they are rationaUy-controUed. Such rationality, however, high- lights the unusual power of emotionality when the characters finally get married after experiencing complicated love This kind of first-back- grounding-emotionality-and-then-foregrounding it plot development in the works displays Austen＇s profound knowledge of life and her progressive thought surpassing her times. It also represents the characteristics of ＂the exterior rationalism and the interior romanticism＂ in her works.     

电影《盗梦空间》的叙事解读

美国电影《盗梦空间》大受世界观众的欢迎,突出的原因不仅在于它娴熟的电影叙事技巧和策略的应用,影片更是站在一个哲学的高度,带领观众探索了现代人类生活的意识领域和内心世界,体验了理智和情感的不断纠葛,思考了现实和梦想的生存尴尬。     

人性的直白与个性的立体——略论我国长篇世情小说的人物塑造

《金瓶梅》、《红楼梦》、《儒林外史》等长篇世情小说分别以其具有鲜明个性化特征的人物，特别是性格“异化”的典型人物从各自的典型环境中走出来，以其特有的方式展示他们灵魂深处的奥秘，并用自己的心与不同立场、观点和不同时代、社会的读的心相碰撞，从而不断地溅出耀眼的火花。这同时又说明了小说的生命力之所以如此长盛不衰。显然和人物塑造方面所持的“深切人情”、“人各有当”、“个性立体”的创作主张紧密相关。     

简论施光南的抒情歌曲

施光南抒情歌曲具有独唱性、浓郁的民族风格、独特的创作手法、旋律优美流畅、颇具抒情性等特点，从其创作方面进行分析，他的音乐创作的美来源于生活，来源于他后天的社会生活经历与个人勤奋不懈的进取努力，而又高于生活本身。     

The locus ceruleus: a possible neural focus for genetic differences in emotionality

Summary The Maudsley Reactive and Non-Reactive strains have been developed as a model for the study of individual variations in stress-reactivity, and many differences in biobehavioral systems have been found between them. This review discusses limitations of the emotionality construct in accounting for differences between the Maudsley strains and offers an alternative, theoretical approach. Amaral and Sinnamon have proposed that the locus ceruleus (LC) plays a stress-attenuating role in mediating behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine response to prepotent, emergency-provoking stimuli and, building upon this formulation, it is proposed that the LC has been an important focus for gene action in the Maudsley model. It is suggested that the LC of the Non-Reactive strain is more strongly activated by stressful stimuli than the LC of Reactive rats, and is the basis of many of the behavioral and physiological differences between them. Behavioral and biochemical evidence consistent with this proposition is reviewed. Identification of the LC as a target for gene-action in the Maudsley model has an important advantage. It substitutes variations at a specific anatomic location in the brain for a loosely defined construct like emotionality, and the hypothesis is amenable to empirical tests by a variety of experimental approaches.Supported by MH-39210 from the National Institute of Mental Health to DAB     

论闻一多诗歌的情感性与个人性

闻一多诗歌除了"爱国"这一基本精神或特征之外,还具有很强的情感性和个人性特征.就情感性特征而言,闻一多诗歌在形态各异的情感表达背后,隐伏着两大情感之源--孤独和失落.现实生活和情感体验的孤独感、失落感,凝结成了闻一多源源不断的艺术创作.至于闻一多诗歌的个人性特征,则主要表现在三个方面:闻一多诗歌可以看作他同时期个人生活和情绪的忠实纪录;闻一多总以个人的情绪体验和存在状态来看取现实世界并构筑起诗歌中的精神世界;闻一多诗歌十分突出强调抒情主体--"我"并注重营造极富个人性、主观性的意象.闻一多诗歌中这两大特征的形成,主要决定于闻一多自身的个性、自我意识,闻一多对诗歌主体性的认知和对诗歌本质的理解.