辐射率变化对测温精度的影响及误差分析

介绍了被测体辐射率因受材料、表面状态、温度、波长及分布方向的影响而引起的测温误差变化、以及如何选用合适的辐射率使由此造成的测温误差最小的计算方法．     

大气有效发射率与水汽和CO2的纬带关系研究

根据水汽和ＣＯ２的辐射传输和它们的纬带分布观测值，建立了一个大气有效发射率εａ，与大气中的水汽含量Ｗａ和ＣＯ２含量ｃ的半经验公式。该公式对于把水汽和ＣＯ２对气候的温室作用纳入气候模式或地球表层动力学模式十分有用。     

前置反射器比色高温计的研究

研究了一种改进的比色高温计测量表面温度,测量范围为600~1200℃.将半球型镀金反射器置于比色高温计上,利用多次反射效应,可缩小两个接收波长的有效发射率之间的差异,从而减小比色高温计误差.研究了反射器对焦情况下的辐射特性,推导出有效发射率的表达式.为避免反射器对被测面温度场的破坏,设计了一套快速测量装置,每次测量需时0.7s.为验证其准确性,制作了平片热电偶,直接测量平片热电偶的表面温度.结果显示,与平片热电偶相比,测量误差小于1.1℃.     

Coherent thermal radiation in thin films and its application in the emissivity design of multilayer films

The infrared transmission spectra of a 0.54-μm-thick Ge film and a 20-μm-thick Si film were experimentally measured. As the incident radiation was in the wavelength range from 1.5μm to 10μm, the Ge film demonstrated a strongly spectral coherence. However, thermal radiation of the Ge film was found to be spatially incoherent due to its extreme thinness. The Si film exhibited significantly spectral and spatial coherence. The results confirmed that thermal radiation of a monolayer film could be coherent spectrally and spatially if the film thickness was comparable with the wavelength. The optical characteristic matrix method was applied to calculate the transmission spectra of the Si and Ge film, and the results agreed well with the measurements. This method was further used to analyze two multilayer films composed of five low emissive layers. Their emissivities were found to be highly emissive at a certain zenith angle, and the emissive peak could be controlled by careful selection of film thickness.     

Research on Radiant Carrier of Matching Radiant Type Far Infrared Textiles

This paper deals with the radiation effects of different kinds ofradiant carriers used in making far infrared textile materials.From two radiation experiments,methods of testing radiation ef-fects of carriers have been found,results of the experiments arediscussed.Finally,some conclusions for choosing appropriateradiant carrier are drawn.     

The definition of effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of remote sensing pixels

Remote sensing (RS) of land surface temperature (LST) is a very challenging problem at the present development stage of RS science. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to atmosphere correction and temperature emissivity separation (TES) of new LST product algorithms. However, the mechanism of directionality of thermal emission from land surface remains unknown, and even worse, there are confusions on the definition of the effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of RS pixels. The mechanism of directionality of thermal emission for isothermal pixels and non-isothermal pixels is different. For non-isothermal pixels (case in most canopy/soil structures), the directionality of their thermal emission is determined by both bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) derived emissivity and distribution patterns of temperature differences. A new definition is suggested to take into account material mixture, multiple scattering, and temperature variation within thermal infrared (TIR) RS pixels.     

低发射率伪装绿色涂层的制备和性能分析

为了探索军用低发射率伪装材料,提出了复合结构设计的方法。选用具备可见光高透过和红外高反射特性的纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)薄膜,通过镀膜工艺对复合涂层的结构进行设计,从而达到光学与红外隐身兼容的目的。利用分光光度计、热成像仪及隔热测试装置对所制复合涂层样品的光学、红外和隔热效果进行测试,分析低发射率涂层对整体绿色涂层的光学及红外性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用复合结构设计后的绿色涂层样板的可见光透过率达到80%以上,红外反射率达到70%以上,在保证色彩饱和度的同时,发射率显著降低,达到了0.2。经过复合结构设计的绿色涂层拥有良好的红外伪装效果,能够较好地躲避红外侦察。     

低辐射中空玻璃对办公建筑能耗的影响

透明围护结构对建筑能耗有重要影响,其中窗墙比和玻璃类型是重要影响因素。针对不同气候区条件下典型城市的办公建筑,采用不同镀膜位置的低辐射中空玻璃,应用EnergyPlus能耗模拟软件,分别考虑外窗方位和窗墙比变化情况下,计算房间的制冷能耗、供暖能耗和综合能耗。结果表明：随着窗墙比增大,制冷能耗均增大,窗在南侧房间供暖能耗均减小;哈尔滨外窗在南向时采用A型玻璃更佳,其他方位采用C型玻璃更佳,广州、南京和北京外窗均采用B型玻璃更佳;广州、南京、北京窗在西侧采用B型玻璃且窗墙比为0.7时综合节能率最大,值分别为20.0%、19.2%、15.4%,哈尔滨窗在东侧采用C型玻璃且窗墙比为0.7时综合节能率最大,值为9.6%。     

金属防热瓦温度及发射率的测量

为了解决金属防热瓦在连续加热过程中热边表面温度和发射率的测量问题,基于多光谱辐射测温的参考温度数学模型,提出了一种数据处理方法。该方法假设材料的光谱发射率在选定的光谱处与温度有近似相同的线性关系,通过处理两个不同温度点处的多光谱测量数据,从而得到防热瓦的真温及光谱发射率。采用多光谱辐射高温计测量了某种防热瓦在900-1300℃的温度范围内的辐射,并进行数据处理。实验结果表明:只要温度估计初值与真实情况的误差在±200℃以内,即可得到较好的计算温度值和计算发射率值,测量不确定度在2%以内。     

电子加速器X射线发射率的MCNP分析

为满足现代X射线应用和设计电子加速器的靶结构和束流参数的需要,采用MCNP4B程序对2～20MeV能量范围内的电子束入射不同厚度钨靶的X射线发射率进行了系统的模拟计算和研究.结果表明在电子能量小于10MeV时,MCNP4B的结果与NCRP-51报告一致,但在10MeV以上,它们间的差别增大.该文结果对早期NCRP-51报告的结果有重要的改进,对于现代产生X射线的电子加速器靶的设计具有参数作用.