食用蚯蚓的养殖基料研究

在荞麦皮中按不同比例加入粉碎后的玉米芯,作为食用蚯蚓养殖基料,对比在不同配比基料中大平二号蚯蚓幼蚓的体重增加量、成蚓的产茧量和蚓茧的孵化量,筛选出较为理想的养殖基料.结果表明,加入定量玉米芯后的基料比以纯荞麦皮作为基料更适合蚯蚓的生长繁殖.此外,初步确定玉米芯体积分数为40%的基料(未灭菌)较为理想.     

Effects of fragmentation on genetic variation in populations of the terrestrial earthworm Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta,Moniligastridae) in Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas,China

Earthworms are excellent indicators of landscape fragmentation due to their widespread distribution and poor dispersal abilities over water. Based on field studies conducted in the Shandong and Liaodong peninsulas and their associated islands during summer 2009, we analysed the genetic variation of Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae) using DNA sequences of the 16S and 28S ribosomal genes in samples obtained from 13 localities, 12 of which were islands, one artificially connected to the mainland by man (Yangma SC). We identified 55 haplotypes among 79 samples, based on 1094 bp, including 47 unique haplotypes. The phylogenetic tree topologies showed two distinct clades. A multiple-apex Poisson distribution using a mismatch analysis of nucleotides was also detected. Results of a Tajima D neutral test were not significant (p > 0.05). Genetic divergence among populations was much larger than within populations. A positive relationship between genetic diversity and island area was revealed, but no significant correlation between genetic diversity and distance to the nearest larger landmass was found. These results indicate that the intraspecific genetic diversity of D. japonica has been influenced by geographic isolation (i.e. island habitat). Passive transport via anthropogenic activities or nonhuman vertebrates (birds or mammals) may also play a key role in dispersal.     

蚯蚓纤溶酶与“龙心”的比较研究

以北星二号蚯蚓为材料,分离纯化蚯蚓纤溶酶。并对其理化性质、溶纤机理等与“龙心”进行了比较。蚯蚓纤溶酶和“龙心”主要组份的分子量分别为37200和43500。蚯蚓纤溶酶和“龙心”的溶纤比活力(mm~2/mg蛋白)分别为83700和24430蚯蚓纤溶酶既能直接水解血纤维蛋白,又能激活血纤溶酶原。在0—4℃时也能水解血纤维蛋白。蚯蚓纤溶酶经DEAE-Sepharose离子交换柱层析,可分离为9个纤溶活力不同的组分。     

蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶的试验研究

动物蛋白饵料不足,是影响革胡子鲶产量的原因之一,本试验表明,蚯蚓和蚓粪可作为革胡子鲶的优良动物蛋白饵料.用蚯蚓和蚓粪喂养革胡子鲶,既可提供各种必需氨基酸、维生素和微量元素,还可促进池塘中有益浮游生物的生长,改变水质,从而提高质量,增加经济效益.     

Expression of nerve growth factor-like polypeptides and immunoreactivity related to the two types of neurotrophin receptors in earthworm tissues

Nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs by sequence homology to the neurotrophins, a family of proteins binding the same p75 receptor and closely related members of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Fundamental in the vertebrate nervous system, neurotrophin signals have also been suggested as essential for relatively complex nervous systems occurring in invertebrate species that live longer than Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Mammalian neurotrophins have been found to influence invertebrate neuronal growth. However, there are only a few data on the presence of molecules related to neurotrophin signalling components in invertebrates. Our studies provide evidence that analogues of neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors are expressed in Eisenia foetida earthworms. In particular, NGF-like and Trk-like immunoreactive proteins are both expressed in the nervous system, whereas p75-like positivity identifies tubular structures associated with dorsal pores that are involved in the earthworm response to mechanical irritation or stress. Received 12 November 2001; received after revision 8 January 2002; accepted 8 January 2002     

免耕对黑土蚯蚓数量和土壤密度的影响

以自2001年秋在吉林省德惠市中层黑土上进行的耕作定位试验小区为研究对象,对比免耕和常规耕作对东北黑土蚯蚓数量和土壤密度的影响.试验设计为裂区随机区组设计(免耕和常规秋翻两个处理),4个区组,种植作物为玉米和大豆.在玉米6叶期和8月末或9月初两次测定蚯蚓数量,土壤密度秋收后测定.采用SAS软件对2004～2006年的蚯蚓数量和土壤密度进行方差分析.试验结果表明,耕作方式、作物类型和采样时间对蚯蚓数量的影响较大,均达显著差异(P《0.05).免耕处理的蚯蚓数量是秋翻处理蚯蚓数量的2.4倍,种植大豆的蚯蚓数量是种植玉米蚯蚓数量的1.6倍,第1次的蚯蚓数量是第2次蚯蚓数量的1.9倍.耕作方式和作物类型对土壤密度没有显著影响.虽然免耕处理使5cm～10cm的土壤密度略有增加,但免耕的土壤密度与秋翻的土壤密度相比,并无显著差异.因此,同常规秋翻相比,免耕明显增加土壤中的蚯蚓数量,而且不会引起土壤的板结.     

蚯蚓冻干粉对高血脂小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因的调节作用

以高脂饲料饲喂昆明种小鼠构建高血脂小鼠模型,灌胃给予高、中、低剂量(0.4,0.2,0.1g/kg)蚯蚓冻干粉,每天1次,同时饲喂高脂饲料,以仅饲喂高脂饲料组小鼠为对照,共饲养10周.提取小鼠肝脏总RNA,应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测实验组与对照组小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)和脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达水平.结果表明,蚯蚓冻干粉极显著提高实验组小鼠LCAT mRNA表达水平(P0.01),显著提高LPL mRNA表达水平(P0.05),提示这是蚯蚓冻干粉能够降低高血脂小鼠血浆胆固醇水平的原因之一.     

蚯蚓解剖标本制作方法改进

环毛蚓属环节动物门,寡毛纲,后孔目,环毛属一种常见蚯蚓.按《普通动物学实验指导》的方法制作的解剖标本,含泥土而看不清内脏结构.笔者经过探索研究,结果表明:培养长大的蚯蚓,经过停食排尽肠中泥土、喂食草纸、麻醉、固定液固定等处理后,解剖可以清晰看见内部各部分结构.     

EM菌和蚯蚓对污染土壤元素转化的作用

将蚯蚓接种至不同Effective Microorganisms（EM菌）添加量的污染土壤中, 28 d后对蚯蚓体质量、 产茧量以及土壤中的有机质、 氮和磷的质量比进行对比, 考察EM菌对蚯蚓在污染土壤中活动的影响及对土壤元素转化的作用. 结果表明： 将蚯蚓接种到污染土壤后, 其体质量减轻, 日增质量倍数为负值; 添加EM菌的污染土壤中蚯蚓的体质量减少量、 日增质量倍数和产茧量低于未加EM菌的对照组; 添加不同EM菌的土壤中有机质、 全氮、 全磷的质量比以及pH值低于未添加EM菌仅蚯蚓作用的土壤; 土壤中的铵态氮、 硝态氮和速效磷质量比的变化规律相反.     

不同森林群落类型土壤蚯蚓数量和生物量的时空分布特征

【目的】明确不同森林群落类型对其土壤蚯蚓数量(密度)及生物量时空动态的影响。【方法】采用电击法研究了云南省昆明市3种森林群落类型的土壤蚯蚓密度与生物量的时空分布规律,用相关分析与方差分析方法,分析3种森林类型的样地土壤理化环境与蚯蚓密度及生物量变化的相关性。【结果】①森林群落类型显著影响蚯蚓密度(P=0.001)和生物量(P=0.006),各森林群落类型下土壤蚯蚓密度与生物量的大小顺序分别为:云南松群落>桉树群落>疏林群落、云南松群落>疏林群落>桉树群落。②蚯蚓密度和生物量时间变化总体上表现为:9月>10月>11月。垂直分布表现为:桉树群落与云南松群落蚯蚓及生物量主要分布在≥5～10 cm土层,而疏林群落主要集中于0～5 cm土层。③桉树群落土壤温度、pH及水解氮与蚯蚓密度和生物量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05); 土壤含水量、有机质、全氮等与蚯蚓密度及生物量变化趋势基本一致,但它们与蚯蚓密度及生物量的相关性未达到显著水平; 云南松群落和疏林群落下蚯蚓密度及生物量与土壤温度显著相关(P<0.05),而与土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、水解氮等相关性不显著。【结论】3种森林群落类型中土壤蚯蚓密度及生物量的时空分布具有显著的差异性,这种差异性与样地土壤理化环境(温度、水分、pH、土壤氮等)的变化密切相关。