对嗜好品风险认知的国际比较

对北京，大阪，洛杉矶3城市的市民就香烟和毒品的风险认知进行了抽样调查，并对其结果进行比较分析，主要结果如下：（1）中日美3国大约4／5的人对吸烟持负面性风险认知和评价，在3国中，美国人对吸烟的风险认知和危害性估计最高，中国居中，日本最低；（2）总体而言，中日美3国约9成以上的人对毒品持负面性风险认识和评价，在3国中，日本人对毒品的风险认知不安感最高，比较而言，美国人对毒品却表现出相对宽容的态度；（3）在3国中，日本人对香烟的社会容纳最高， 而对毒品的容纳度最低；美国人对毒品的社会容纳度远高于中国和日本；中国对香烟和毒品的社会容纳度都相对较低，这将有利于禁烟和禁毒。     

Aspirin-like drugs may block pain independently of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition

Summary Using flurbiprofen, a chiral anti-inflammatory and analgesic 2-arylpropionic acid derivative, the enantiomers of which are not converted to each other (less than 5%) in rats or man, we obtained evidence that prostaglandin synthesis inhibition is primarily mediating the anti-inflammatory activity but prostaglandin synthesis independent mechanisms contribute to the analgesic effects. Thus, the S-form inhibited prostaglandin synthesis, inflammation and nociception in rats. The R-form had much less effect on prostaglandin synthesis and did not affect inflammation. It did, however, block nociception in rats almost as potently as the S-form. S-flurbiprofen, in contrast to the R-form, was clearly ulcerogenic in the gastrointestinal mucosa. These results indicate additional molecular mechanisms of analgesia and suggest the use of R-arylpropionic acids as analgesics.     

Disruption of mitochondrial function as the basis of the trypanocidal effect of trifluoperazine onTrypanosoma cruzi

Summary The tricyclic anti-calmodulin drug trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited growth and motility of epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi, at concentrations lower than 100 M, and motility and infectivity of the bloodstream trypomastigote form at 200 M. Electron microscopy of TFP-treated epimastigotes showed that the major effect was at the mitochondrial level, with gross swelling and disorganization. The oligomycin-sensitive, mitochondrial ATPase was completely inhibited by 20 M TFP, and the same drug concentration caused a 60% decrease in intracellular ATP content. The results suggest that the trypanocidal effect of TFP may be related more to mitochondrial damage than to the well-known anticalmodulin effect of the drug.     

Retention of topical liposomal formulations on the cornea

Summary The ability of liposomes composed of different kinds of phospholipid materials to adhere to the surface of the cornea was studied in the rabbit. The liposomes were labelled with tracer amounts of an I¹²⁵-labelled phosphatidylethanolamine derivative and were instilled in 10 l drops onto the cornea. The retention of radioactivity was monitored. The results show that liposomes containing positively charged phospholipids are better retained than an albumin control. Thus, it may be possible to develop a drug delivery, liposome system which would permit long-term sustained release of ophthalmic drugs onto the cornea.     

韶关市药用鱼类调查研究

本文根据对韶关市区及所属曲江、南雄、乳源等县市市场及野外调查结果，对食用鱼中药用鱼的肉、骨、肠、胆、血、鳔、肝、头、皮等药用价值进行了归类研究。     

硝酸酯类药物临床应用

硝酸酯类药物,在临床上广泛用于治疗心绞痛,其对血管平滑肌有舒张作用。小剂量时可扩张静脉,使静脉回流减少,左室舒末压下降,使心脏前负荷降低,降低心肌耗氧量。较大剂量时,也能舒张外周阻力血管和心肌阻力血管从而降低血压,还可以间接地增强心肌收缩力。硝酸酯类药物可增加冠脉缺血区的血流量,增强缺血区的节段收缩,从而达到抗心肌缺血、抗心绞痛的作用。临床医生只有了解了硝酸酯类药物的药理性质、作用机制、用量、用法及副作用,在临床工作中,才能更好地治疗疾病。     

中国稀土药物研究进展

综述了近10年来中国在稀土药物合成和药理作用方面的研究进展及发展趋向。研究现状反映出：参与药物合成的配体以杂环化合物类为主，稀土元素以镧、镨、钕、钐为多；药理作用研究主要表面在抗肿瘤、抗突变、抗菌、抗病毒以及对消化系统和内分泌系统的影响等方面。     

提高黄芪多糖提取收率的工艺研究

分别用水提取、氧化钙水溶液提取和碳酸钠水溶液提取法制备黄芪多糖粗提物,以苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果ＣａＯ水溶液提取收率最高（１１．７％）,是水提取法收率（３．６％）的３．２５倍,是Ｎａ２ＣＯ３水溶液提取收率（５．７％）的２．０５倍。     

中药方剂中乳香类药物不良反应分析及临床对策

乳香可舒筋行气,活血化瘀,是中医治疗痹症、湿阻病等多种疾病的常用药材,但乳香类药物存在诱发不良反应的风险。通过回顾性研究,将2022年1—6月于北京中医药大学附属护国寺中医医院开具含有乳香成分的中药处方作为研究对象,通过统计描述、相关性分析及多因素回归分析,旨在明确影响乳香不良反应的独立性因素。采用的指标包括处方中的乳香剂量、给药方式,患者的年龄、性别、过敏史以及记录不良反应类型等。结果共纳入108例处方,其中7例处方引发了不良反应,包括皮肤过敏6例、腹泻1例,多因素回归分析显示患者既往过敏史是影响乳香不良反应的唯一独立危险因素;说明现阶段中医临床实践使用的含有乳香的中药方剂所致的不良反应仅与既往过敏史有关,患者过敏史是合理用药、控制不良反应中需重点把握的环节。     

系统药物学

系统药物学,是在系统水平认识药物,研究药物作用的系统性、多组分药物系统、和药物信息分子。系统药物学包括计算系统药物学、实验系统药物学及系统药物治疗学,需要引入新的思路、技术、算法与软件、设备等。中药现代化的方向是系统药物学,中药西化只是其组成部分之一。同时,要西药中化,西药中化与中药西化将成为构建系统药物学理论体系的重要组成部分。本文还讨论了系统药物学研究对药物发现和个性化治疗的意义。