历史时期(1797-1958)西藏雹霜虫灾述论

文章依据已整理出版的西藏《灾异志.雹霜虫灾篇》一百一十五份档案资料,从历史时期(1797—1958)西藏雹霜虫灾发生的地理分布入手进行研究。讨论范围涉及历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾与气候的关系、呈现的特征及其政府的赈灾问题等,试图从不同的角度勾勒出历史时期西藏雹霜虫灾的大致轮廓。     

矿区开采沉陷地质灾害防治研究

煤炭开采所引发的地质灾害中,以开采沉陷对人类环境的影响最为严重。文章就矿区开采沉陷所引发的地质灾害与防治对策进行了研究,并开发了相应的建筑群保护煤柱设计软件。     

农田蒸散和干旱的计算及其分析

农田蒸散是形成土壤干旱的主要因素。本文采用陶祖文的彭曼修正公式对冀东地区的唐山、秦皇岛、乐亭、遵化等地3～11月的可能蒸散与可能实际蒸散进行了计算,并与本省南部的曲周做了可能蒸散量的对比分析。在统计分析的基础上,按《干旱分析方法的探讨》一文给出的华北地区干旱指标,用唐山农业气象站1980～1989年观测旱作地段的土壤湿度资料,对当地干旱的发生与干旱的指标进行了分析和验证。     

电场作用油葵种子后苗期生长抗干旱性的试验

用不同强度的匀强电场作用油葵种子一定时间,实验测定电场对幼苗根系活力、植株缺水程度和抗旱生长的影响．结果表明：油葵种子受电场作用后能够提高苗期生长的抗干旱性能     

小麦穗光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应

研究了土壤干旱胁迫下小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）穗光合作用的特点．结果表明，干旱胁迫下，穗光合速率下降幅度远小于叶片，类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值较高且稳定，PEPC活性诱导增强，暗示穗器官有较强的耐逆性，旗叶是较敏感的器官．     

黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害及防治对策

论述了黑龙江省煤炭城市地质灾害的类型、成因及危害 ;并针对目前地质灾害现状提出了相应的防治对策 .     

东北地区铁路水害成因及趋势分析

根据１９８０－１９９２年东北铁路水害资料，统计分析了东北铁路水害的一些特征，从三方面分析了水害成因，并做了趋势预测．对东北铁路防灾有一定参考意义     

渗透调节物质在作物干旱逆境中的作用

干旱逆境下参与作物渗透调节的物质主要有无机渗透调节离子K 、Ca2 、Mg2 和有机渗透调节物质可溶性糖、脯氨酸、甜菜碱等.干旱逆境下作物积累渗透调节物质可以维持细胞膨压、促进光合作用、参与作物体内活性氧自由基的清除,提高逆境下作物的收获指数和产量.     

Some evidence of drying trend over northern China from 1951 to 2004

The surface wetness index, Palmer drought sererity index and the retrieval of soil moisture over China were calculated using monthly precipitation and monthly mean surface air temperature. Based on the contrast analysis of the variation of the above three indices and precipitation, the dry/wet spatio-temporal pattern of northern China in the last 54 years was revealed, and the evidence of drying trend over northern China was analyzed, especially. The results show the following four facts: (1) The drying trend is the main characteristic of the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China since the 1980s and it was enhanced in the last 15 years mainly due to the precipitation decrease and the temperature increase; (2) During the last 54 years, there was only one dry/wet shift at the interdecadal scale occurring in the eastern part of Northwest China and the central part of North China in the late 1970s, which was related to 1977/1978 global abrupt change, whereas there were three shifts in Northeast China, one was in the mid 1990s and the other two were in 1965 and 1983, respectively; (3) Unlike the variation trend of other subregions of northern China, the western part of Northwest China is currently located in a relatively wetting period, which is weak-ened due to the temperature increase; (4) The extreme drought frequency is obviously increasing in the eastern part of Northwest China, the central part of North China and Northeast China since the 1980s, which is closely related to the precipitation decrease and temperature increase in these subregions.     

云南楚雄市的发展对气候及气象灾害的影响

以楚雄市气象站1978～2000年的气候资料作为城市气候资料，以楚雄市西郊的南华气象站1978～2000年的气候资料作为郊区气候资料进行对比分析，探讨楚雄市城市的发展对气候及气象灾害的影响，并揭示其变化规律。结果表明，进入20世纪80年代以来，楚雄市热岛效应和干岛效应日趋明显，随着楚雄城市的发展扩大，城区的气温逐渐升高，湿度逐渐减少，降水呈递增趋势，风速呈递减趋势。楚雄市城市发展对主要灾害性天气的影响表现为，城市的暴雨日数呈增多的趋势；大风发生次数逐渐减小，霜冻日数楚雄市区比郊区南华少，且随着城市的发展呈递减趋势。