"美国非裔""非裔美国人"还是"非裔美国黑人"?

在多元文化主义思潮盛行的当今美国社会,能够揭示美国黑人传统和文化根基的African American成为学术界普遍采用的种族称呼。但在中国学术界,目前该词存在三种不同的译文——“美国非裔”“非裔美国人”“非裔美国黑人”。这种分歧不仅存在不同学者之间,而且存在同一学者的不同论著中。鉴于中国人的认知方式、汉语表达特点、汉语中“裔”的约定俗成意义,相比较而言“美国非裔”是最合适的说法。但如果考虑到该词的本义以及汉语“裔”的外延,那么“美国非洲人”或许是一种更加准确的说法。     

一咱群策系统表决模型设计

在群策系统中，无论参与共同决策的各个决策终端本身如何先进，若没有一个高效、可靠的群策协调系统，就难以保障系统最终结果的正确性。由于表决器是群策协调系统的核心部件，故其表决效率和可靠性都是至关重要的，必须使用特殊的设计方法，而一般情况下，群策表决器可以采用纯软件方式实现，但是在网络环境下容易受到计算机病毒和黑客程序的攻击和破坏，系统在一定程度上存在安全隐患，而主要基于硬件逻辑方法提出的一种表决模型，相对而言具有速度和可靠性方面的一些优势。     

论圣茹斯特

圣茹斯特是法国大革命中著名的政治家，是国民公会中最年青的代表。进入救国委员会后，成为罗伯斯比尔的得力助手，参与制定了1793年宪法，主张依法治国和实行革命的恐怖政策；还提出了“风月”法令，把革命扩大到经济领域。多次受国民公会的委派，担任特派员到军队和地方督促落实政策；热月政变前，主张结束恐怖政策，同罗伯斯比尔产生分歧，事实说明他比罗伯斯比尔更冷静。     

Do monetary policy transparency and central bank communication reduce interest rate disagreement?

Yes. This study produces evidence that monetary policy transparency and communication policy of the Bank of England have information content in reducing disagreement about interest rate forecasts. Different from most extant studies employing the transparency index derived from official documents of the central banks, this study extends the literature by using a recently developed market-based monetary transparency index. Moreover, this study analyzes forecast disagreement in a multivariate perspective based on survey data of short- and long-term rates over short and long horizons. This study characterizes several patterns on forecast disagreement related to maturities of interest rates, forecast horizons, recessions, forward guidance, credibility, transparency, and communication policy. Interestingly, disagreement among the Monetary Policy Committee in policy rate decisions is associated with lower disagreement among professional forecasters on interest rate outlook, whereas neither announcement of changes in policy rates nor publication of inflation reports affects forecast disagreement. These results have important implications for monetary policymakers in managing market expectations of interest rates.     

汉日间接不赞成言语行为会话策略对比研究

不赞成表达是交际中常见的一种言语行为,是冲突的一种形式。通过收集语料的方法,对中日影视剧中间接不赞成言语行为的异同进行对比考察后发现：日语中间接不赞成言语行为的出现频率明显高于汉语。在实施间接不赞成言语行为的语用策略类型上,汉语主要倾向于使用“理由说明型”、“意见陈述型”、“反问强调型”三种类型;日语则倾向于使用“疑问表述型”、“理由说明型”、“反问强调型”三种类型。其中,汉语“理由说明型”语用策略使用频率最高,而日语则是“疑问表述型”语用策略使用频率最高。     

Simulating peer disagreements

It has been claimed that epistemic peers, upon discovering that they disagree on some issue, should give up their opposing views and ‘split the difference’. The present paper challenges this claim by showing, with the help of computer simulations, that what the rational response to the discovery of peer disagreement is—whether it is sticking to one’s belief or splitting the difference—depends on factors that are contingent and highly context-sensitive.     

(Mis)Understanding scientific disagreement: Success versus pursuit-worthiness in theory choice

Scientists often diverge widely when choosing between research programs. This can seem to be rooted in disagreements about which of several theories, competing to address shared questions or phenomena, is currently the most epistemically or explanatorily valuable—i.e. most successful. But many such cases are actually more directly rooted in differing judgments of pursuit-worthiness, concerning which theory will be best down the line, or which addresses the most significant data or questions. Using case studies from 16^th-century astronomy and 20^th-century geology and biology, I argue that divergent theory choice is thus often driven by considerations of scientific process, even where direct epistemic or explanatory evaluation of its final products appears more relevant. Broadly following Kuhn's analysis of theoretical virtues, I suggest that widely shared criteria for pursuit-worthiness function as imprecise, mutually-conflicting values. However, even Kuhn and others sensitive to pragmatic dimensions of theory ‘acceptance’, including the virtue of fruitfulness, still commonly understate the role of pursuit-worthiness—especially by exaggerating the impact of more present-oriented virtues, or failing to stress how ‘competing’ theories excel at addressing different questions or data. This framework clarifies the nature of the choice and competition involved in theory choice, and the role of alternative theoretical virtues.     

面子维护的语用策略——汉语中不同意的间接表达

中国人经常用以维护他人面子的策略之一是尽量使用间接、委婉和模棱两可的言词。在汉语中间接表达不同意的类型有模糊含蓄法、移情表达法、假托直言法和转移话题法(移花接木法)。本文就是从维护面子的角度,探讨汉语中间接地表达不同意的这几种类型的语用策略。     

山东省城市化与经济发展偏差度研究

在研究山东省城市化水平发展状况的基础上，从人均GDP工业化、非农化、就业结构4个方面分析了经济发展与城市化之间的偏差度，并从制度、经济、社会3个层面分析了山东省城市化水甲落后于经济发展的原因．     

自动定理证明中RUE-NRF单元输入和锁的演绎

本文在RUE-NRF推理规则的基础上,定义了RUE-NRF输入归结、RUE-NRF单元归结及RUE-NRF锁归结的概念,证明了RUE-NRF输入反驳与RUE-NRF单元反驳的关系,以及RUE-NRF锁反驳的完备性。