The definition of effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of remote sensing pixels

Remote sensing (RS) of land surface temperature (LST) is a very challenging problem at the present development stage of RS science. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to atmosphere correction and temperature emissivity separation (TES) of new LST product algorithms. However, the mechanism of directionality of thermal emission from land surface remains unknown, and even worse, there are confusions on the definition of the effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of RS pixels. The mechanism of directionality of thermal emission for isothermal pixels and non-isothermal pixels is different. For non-isothermal pixels (case in most canopy/soil structures), the directionality of their thermal emission is determined by both bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) derived emissivity and distribution patterns of temperature differences. A new definition is suggested to take into account material mixture, multiple scattering, and temperature variation within thermal infrared (TIR) RS pixels.     

Dynamics and control designs for internal thermally coupled distillation columns with different purities, Part 2: close loop analysis and control designs

Interaction between overhead and bottom composition loops of internal thermally coupled distillation columns (ITCDIC) with four purities are analyzed by means of relative gain array, condition number and singular value decomposition, which indicates that high- and very high-purity ITCDIC are well coupled and ill-conditioned systems with severe gain directionality problem. Based on the above dynamic behaviors, suitable control schemes of four different purity systems are studied. In low-purity system, internal model control (IMC) is better than decentralized proportion integral differential (D-PID) control in terms of response speed and remaining errors. In moderate-purity system, D-PID can effectively reject large load disturbances while IMC fails due to severe mismatch between model and plant. In high-purity system, neither IMC nor D-PID can provide satisfactory control so that modified IMC and multivariable PID with singular value decomposition scheme are presented respectively to improve control performances. Finally, in very high-purity systems, the combined feed-forward and feedback control scheme is proposed to deal with extremely sluggish responses to load disturbances.     

对称性在积分计算中的应用规律

利用积分域的对称性简化积分计算是优先考虑的计算策略之一.如果积分域由对称的两部分组成,首先考察积分域是否具有方向性,然后考察被积函数在对称点处的函数值是否相等或者相反.当积分域无方向性时,若被积函数在对称点处的函数值相等,则积分简化成半个积分域上积分的2倍;若被积函数在对称点处的函数值相反,则积分为零.当积分域有方向性时,结论正好与积分域无方向性时的结论相反.如果积分域具有轮换对称性,当对被积函数做相应的坐标轮换时,积分值不变.     

考虑地震方向性的高耸RC烟囱结构易损性分析

选用240 m高的某钢筋混凝土烟囱作为研究对象,通过有限元软件ABAQUS,采用复合壳单元建立了相应的非线性有限元分析模型.为考虑地震动的不确定性,根据谱相容性原则,选择了20条合理的地震动记录,进行增量动力分析.分别以材料应变和地面峰值加速度作为结构地震需求参数和地震动强度参数,通过增量动力分析将三维地震动以7种不同入射角度作用于结构并获得的结构地震响应,采用能力需求比模型的曲线拟合法计算结构的易损性.通过钢筋和混凝土的材料应变定义了4个损伤状态限值,最终得到了考虑地震方向性的高耸钢筋混凝土烟囱结构地震易损性曲线.研究结果表明,考虑地震方向性后,当PGA小于0.2g时,该烟囱的最不利地震波输入角度大约在75°~90°左右,结构完全损伤概率大约增大了1.5%;当PGA大于0.2g时,该烟囱的最不利地震波输入角度在45°左右,结构完全损伤概率大约增大了2.4%.     

邓小平编辑出版思想述论

邓小平编辑出版思想的形成，与其所从事编辑出版实践密不可分。贯彻政治性是邓小平编辑出版思想中的重要内容；坚持方向性是邓小平编辑出版思想的集中体现；重视出版物的出版和出版队伍的建设是邓小平编辑出版思想的一贯立场。邓小平编辑出版思想是邓小平理论体系中的重要组成部分。     

基于Contourlet变换的医学图像检索

针对医学图像特点,提出了一种基于纹理的医学图像检索算法.Contourlet变换结合了不可分离的方向滤波器组,具备多尺度和多方向特性,能有效地捕获到图像中的轮廓,并对其进行稀疏表示.本算法充分利用图像Contourlet变换系数的统计特征,形成描述纹理特征的特征向量,并将其作为检索的特征向量.采用上述算法对CT图像数据库进行了检索实验,并与基于小波变换纹理分析方法进行了比较.结果表明,在Contourlet变换域上检索查准率高于在小波域上的查准率,从而验证了该算法具有良好的检索性能.     

结构异性煤体渗透率特性

 煤渗透率是研究瓦斯渗流特性及运移规律的关键参数, 而煤体结构各向异性导致渗透率具有明显的方向性。利用煤岩瓦斯渗流试验系统, 对不同变质程度煤样试件在面割理和端割理方向上, 进行不同瓦斯压力下的渗透率测试, 并根据等效驱替原理, 建立各向异性煤体渗透率的计算模型, 数值分析了煤体渗流的定向性特征。结果表明:在煤体面割理和端割理方向, 渗透率均随瓦斯压力增大成负指数减小;面割理方向的瓦斯渗透率与端割理方向相差可超过1 个量级, 且煤的变质程度越高, 差别越明显。随瓦斯压力增大, 煤的瓦斯渗流定向性系数峰值增大, 煤层瓦斯渗透定向性增强。在相同瓦斯压力下, 煤的变质程度越低, 煤层瓦斯渗透定向性越弱。     

Simulation of ChIP-Seq based on extra-sonication of IPed DNA fragments

The combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is an effective method for obtaining an in vivo genome-wide profile of the interaction of a protein with DNA. With the dramatic development of high-throughput short sequencing technologies, several new algorithms have been developed to process ChIP-Seq. However, the reported analytical tools for ChIP-Seq based on size selection of immunoprecipitated (IPed) DNA fragments are mainly adopted on the Solexa system. As a sequencer with the highest throughput, few studies of ChIP-Seq based on SOLiD system have been reported. The main difference of the SOLiD and Solexa systems exists in the length of DNA fragments during preparing sequencing libraries. The SOLiD system has relatively short DNA fragments if it processes a further sonication of IPed DNA fragments in order to meet the length requirement of DNA frag-ments for emulsion-PCR (ePCR). This work aims to investigate the influences of DNA fragment length on data analysis from ChIP-Seq. Previous studies show that typical bimodal peaks can be observed in Solexa ChIP-Seq data, but based on the analysis of the real SOLiD ChIP-Seq data in this study, we found that there were no double peaks with apparent reads shift in a local enriched region and the local reads distribution of peaks were tested by normal distribution. Using real and simulated ChIP-Seq data, three main ChIP-Seq algorithms (CisGenome, SISSRs and MACS) have been investigated. We found that algorithms developed for processing ChIP-Seq data generated from Solexa library protocol, cannot efficiently capture the feature of the ChIP-Seq data from SOLiD library. Misuse of those analytical tools would be a possible reason for failure of ChIP-Seq on the SOLiD system. Therefore, a new ChIP-Seq analytical strategy for an extra-sonication of IPed DNA fragments needs to be developed.     

热辐射方向性测量中的时间效应模拟

由于测量仪器的限制,热辐射方向性测量很难直接获得瞬时方向亮温分布,耗时较长,存在明显的时间效应。目前通常采用线性近似方法纠正,但是无法进行定量误差分析。以冬小麦为例,结合小气候模型CUPID和计算机真实结构模型RGM模拟测量过程中的组分温度和方向亮温变化,对采用线性近似算法进行时间效应纠正的误差进行了评估。结果表明,采用线性近似纠正可以满足测量要求,纠正误差（RMSE）小于0.3K。通过相关性分析得出结论：组分温度时间差异是方向亮温时间差异的主要影响因素。     

浮码头锚链动力试验研究

<正>本文介绍了浮码头的模型试验方法及浮码头锚链动力分配的某些规律。该试验测取的锚链动力值已用于某浮码头的设计,对其它浮码头工程的研究与设计也有应用价值。