镰游仆虫Euplotes harpa无性分裂时期形态发生的研究

在显微和亚显微水平上,研究了镰游仆虫Ｅ．ｈａｒｐａ的形态结构及其在无性分裂时期的形态发生。对无性分裂期间各种纤毛器原基的起源和发育作了详细的观察和描述,着重注意了各种纤毛器原基的相互关系和发生的顺序性。同时,对基体在皮层上的“移动”及基体与“基体托架”的关系也作了研究和分析。     

Differential effects of the serotonin receptors on cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons

Effects of serotonin (5-HT) on cerebral cortical neurons were examined by patch clamp techniques. 5-HT produced a variety of responses such as outward (19/73 patches/neurons), slow inward (15/73 patches/neurons), fast inward (8/73 patches/neurons), and mixed currents (initially fast inward deflection followed by an outward response: 2/73 patches/neurons), with a latency of 12 sec, 15 sec, 0 sec, and 0 sec respectively, at a holding potential of −60 mV in whole-cell patches. The fast inward currents were again evoked by a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide hydrochloride (CPBG). In the cell-attached patch clamp configuration, 5-HT inside the patch pipette elicited single channel currents with slope conductances of 42 pS and 132 pS (4/42 patches/neurons). CPBG inside the patch pipette evoked inward single channel currents with a lower slope conductance of 41 pS (3/23 patches/neurons). In contrast, application of 5-HT or a 5-HT₂ receptor agonist, α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine-maleate, outside the patch pipette induced outward single channel currents with a major slope conductance of 140 pS (8/30 patches/neurons) or 135 pS (6/20 patches/neurons), respectively. These results indicate that the outward and fast inward currents may be mediated respectively by the 5-HT₂ receptor, which is coupled to a G-protein, and by the 5-HT₃ receptor, which contains the non-selective cation channel, and that the mixed type may be caused by both the 5-HT₂ and 5-HT₃ receptors. Received 27 September 1996; received after revision 4 November 1996; accepted 7 November 1996     

腹毛目纤毛虫无性生殖周期中形态发生的研究

本文总结了腹毛目纤毛虫皮层纤毛器的形态发生过程,指出了对纤毛虫形态发生值得进一步研究的问题,并认为对某些纤毛虫形态发生中老口围带的命运有重新作观察的必要.也对皮层先存结构毛基体,以及细胞核在纤毛原基发生过程中的可能作用作了分析探讨.     

Differential effects of monastrol in two human cell lines

The kinesin-related protein HsEg5 plays essential roles in mitotic spindle dynamics. Although inhibition of HsEg5 has been suggested as an aid in cancer treatment, the effects of such inhibition on human cells have not been characterized. Here we studied the effects of monastrol, an allosteric HsEg5 inhibitor, on AGS and HT29 cell lines and compared them to those of taxol. While both cell lines were similarly sensitive to taxol, AGS cells were more sensitive to monastrol. The differences in sensitivity were determined by the degree of inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, reversibility of monastrol-induced G2/M arrest, intracellular phenotypes and induction of apoptosis. In both cell lines, monastrol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 cleavage. In AGS, but not HT29 cells, monastrol-induced apoptosis involved a prominent cleavage of procaspases 8 and 3. While in AGS cells, monastrol induced the formation of symmetric microtubule asters only, in HT29 cells, asymmetric asters were also formed, which may be related to specific HsEg5 functions in HT29 cells.Received 18 February 2004; received after revision 30 May 2004; accepted 16 June 2004     

牛和人的长骨密质骨哈佛氏系统的比较研究

本文对牛和人胫骨骨干密质骨的微细结构进行了研究．应用扫描电镜观察到牛骨中存在着完全哈佛氏系统，丛状骨及哈佛氏系统与板层骨相间三种结构形式，得到牛和人胫骨密质骨中哈佛氏系统沿径向分布的规律     

Rearrangements of microtubule cytoskeleton in stomatal closure of Arabidopsis induced by nitric oxide

NO (nitric oxide), known as a key signal molecule in plant, plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movement. In this study, microtubule dynamics and its possible mechanism in the NO signal pathway were investigated. The results were as follows: (i) In vivo stomatal aperture assays revealed that both vinblastine (microtubule-disrupting drug) and SNP (exogenous NO donor) prevented stomatal opening in the light, and vinblastine even could enhance the inhibitory effect of SNP, whereas taxol (a microtubule-stabilizing agent) was able to reduce this effect; (ii) microtubules in the opening Arabi- dopsis guard cells expressing GFP:α-tubulin-6 (AtGFP:α-tubulin-6) were organized in parallel, straight and dense bundles, radiating from the ventral side to the dorsal side, and most of them were localized perpendicularly to the ventral wall; (iii) under the same environmental conditions, treated with SNP for 30 min, the radial arrays of microtubules in guard cells began to break down, twisted partially and be- came oblique or exhibited a random pattern; (iv) furthermore, the involvement of cytosolic Ca2 in this event was tested. Stomatal aperture assays revealed that BAPTA-AM (a chelator of Ca2 ) greatly sup- pressed the effect of NO on stomatal closure; however, it did not show the same function on stomatal closure induced by vinblastine. When BAPTA-AM was added to the SNP-pretreated solution, the SNP-induced disordered microtubulue cytoskeleton in guard cells underwent rearrangement in a time-dependent manner. After 30 min of treatment with BAPTA-AM, the cortical microtubules resumed the original radial distribution, almost the same as the control. All this indicates that NO may promote rearrangement of microtubule cytoskeleton via elevation of [Ca2 ]cyt (free Ca2 concentration in the cy- toplasm), finally leading to stomatal closure.     

FPGA多通道视皮层刺激器

设计了一款用于视皮层视觉修复的基于FPGA的多通道视皮层刺激器。该刺激器由FPGA和外围电压/电流转换电路两部分组成。FPGA内部包括刺激脉冲发生器和多个多路选择器:刺激脉冲发生器产生各种形式的脉冲序列信号;多路选择器作为控制端实现对信号的选择,每一通道对应一个多路选择器,增加多路选择器即可实现通道的增加。FPGA输出的电压信号通过外围电压/电流转换电路,转换为电流信号后传入电极阵列。采用Altera公司Cyclone系列EP1C6型FPGA制作了四通道实验样机进行动物实验。采用猫作为实验对象,在猫的视皮层硬脑膜外左右两侧植入微电极,左侧接入刺激信号,右侧记录脑电,实验结果显示,视皮层能够响应来自对硬脑膜的电刺激,验证了所设计的刺激器是可行的。     

Rearrangements of microtubule cytoskeleton in stomatal closure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> induced by nitric oxide

NO （nitric oxide）, known as a key signal molecule in plant, plays important roles in regulation of stomatal movement. In this study, microtubule dynamics and its possible mechanism in the NO signal pathway were investigated. The results were as follows： （i） In vivo stomatsl aperture assays revealed that both vinblastine （microtubule-disrupUng drug） and SNP （exogenous NO donor） prevented stomatsl opening in the light, and vinblastine even could enhance the inhibitory effect of SNP, whereas tsxol （a microtubule-stsbilizing agent） was able to reduce this effect; （ii） microtubules in the opening Arabi-dopsis guard cells expressing GFP：a-tubulin-6 （AtGFP：a-tubulin-6） were organized in parallel, straight and dense bundles, radiating from the ventral side to the dorsal side, and most of them were localized perpendicularly to the ventral wall; （iii） under the same environmental conditions, treated with SNP for 30 min, the radial arrays of microtubules in guard cells began to break down, twisted partially and be- came oblique or exhibited a random pattern; （iv） furthermore, the involvement of cytosolic Ca^2＋ in this event was tested. Stomatal aperture assays revealed that BAPTA-AM （a chelator of Ca^2＋） greatly suppressed the effect of NO on stomatal closure; however, it did not show the same function on stomatal closure induced by vinblastine. When BAPTA-AM was added to the SNP-pretreated solution, the SNP-induced disordered microtubulue cytoskeleton in guard cells underwent rearrangement in a time-dependent manner. After 30 min of treatment with BAPTA-AM, the cortical microtubules resumed the original radial distribution, almost the same as the control. All this indicates that NO may promote rearrangement of microtubule cytoskeleton via elevation of [Ca^2＋]cyt （free Ca^2＋ concentration in the cytoplasm）, finally leading to stomatsl closure.     

伪红色双轴虫皮层色素颗粒和黏液泡的显微、亚显微结构观察

应用微分干涉相差显微术和超微结构显微术显示,腹毛目纤毛虫伪红色双轴虫(Diaronella pseudorubra)细胞内含有大、小两种皮层色素颗粒,细胞质具有黏液泡类胞器.其中皮层色素颗粒以二分裂或出芽分裂增殖,其颗粒呈现不同的大小与颗粒分裂有关;黏液泡位于细胞质深部,成熟的黏液泡在发射前成波浪形,以"阿米巴"样运动到表膜,射出泡内物质.据结果认为,该纤毛虫的两种皮层色素颗粒可能有共同的起源.两者都与纤毛虫细胞颜色的遗传有关;黏液泡的形成和排出过程除对促进细胞内膜物质的流动和更新以及表膜的更新具有物质贡献外,可能对口区食物的摄取和促进食物泡的形成有作用.     

体外培养绵羊卵母细胞核质成熟的研究

实验通过研究卵母细胞的核相及皮层颗粒的分布,探讨按照卵泡大小和卵丘细胞层多少分类后的不同绵羊卵母细胞在体外培养过程中的核质成熟情况,结果表明：（１）小卵泡卵经体外２４ｈ后的核质成熟率分别为４５．９％和２８．２％,远低于大（９３．５％,６６．７％）、中（８５．１％,５１．０％）两类卵泡卵,２）大卵泡卵在体外培养２０ｈ已完成核质成熟,较中等卵泡提前４ｈ。３）ｇｋｐｈｅ ３ｎｆｃ ｃ ｈ ｇｃｆｔ ｐｎ