菌丝内生细菌及其宿主真菌共生体系研究进展

微生物共生普遍存在于自然界中，真菌-细菌联合体能以多种方式相互作用，共同发挥各种生态功能。有些细菌驻留在真菌菌丝内部，借以调控真菌的生长、发育、分布和次级代谢过程，这些细菌被称为菌丝内生细菌（endohyphal bacteria, EHB）。EHB的研究揭开了微生物生态学的一个新篇章，是真菌与细菌共生关系中最紧密的代表。在逆境条件下，EHB可以调节寄主生殖机制相关的关键成分或步骤，诱导植物激素类物质的产生，对寄主真菌具有辅助性保护作用。研究最深入的真菌-EHB共生体系是植物致病性根霉菌Rhizopus sp.与伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia sp.，引起水稻幼苗枯萎病所必需的植物毒素——根霉素是由伯克霍尔德氏菌所产生的，而非寄主根霉菌本身产生的。EHB也会影响定殖于高等植物的内生真菌的生态和多样性。在某些情况下，EHB还有助于激活参与识别、转录调节和初级代谢蛋白合成过程的相关基因。目前已开发出了无菌培养分离EHB的方法，然而对真菌-EHB共生体系的研究尚不够深入。综述了菌丝内生细菌EHB及其与宿主真菌的共生体系，阐述这些伴侣之间复杂微妙的相互关系，以及EHB对宿主真菌和宿主植物生长和发育的影响，并对该领域的研究方向提出了建议。     

一类仓库货物储存模型经典解的存在唯一性

文章用特征线法给出一类仓库货物储存模型解的递推表达式,并证明其光滑性从而得到了经典解的存在唯一性。     

广纳文化根系与壮族的文化生态美——壮族文化生态美研究之三

壮族具有一种可称为广纳性文化根系 ,表现为对异质文化的宽容、平等和吸纳和对苗瑶文化、汉族文化的宽容和吸纳 ,形成了壮族许多再生文化、杂糅文化形态 ,也使壮族文化符合生态文化的共生规律。     

银行的信贷决策机制（一）——信贷市场为不完全竞争情形

本文研究了信贷市场处于不完全竞争情形下的信贷决策机制，对于完全信息情形给出了信贷决策机制的设计；针对不完全信息情形提出了信贷决策模型和机制的最优性条件，讨论了信贷决策机制的若干性质．本文的研究工作是基于对风险刻画的“均值保持展形”概念的．     

论产品开发中的并行设计

我国制造企业普遍存在的问题是缺乏新产品的设计与开发能力 ,他们迫切希望缩短产品的开发周期、降低成本、提高质量。在这种形势下 ,并行设计应运而生。文章主要阐述了运用并行设计开发新产品的必要性、关键因素和所取得的成效     

南宁地区石灰岩山地生态设计初探

南宁地区石灰岩山地多为荒山草坡,开发利用非常困难。根据景观生态学的“共生”原则,利用生物控制的方法,从当地植物种群中优选了一系列耐旱、耐瘠、速生、固氮的品种,提出了建立以新银合欢为主的植物群落的生态建设方案。     

Two classes of metabolites fromTheonella swinhoei are localized in distinct populations of bacterial symbionts

The marine spongeTheonella swinhoei (lithistid Family Theonellidae, Order Astrophorida) has yielded many important, bioactive natural products, most of which share structural features with bacterial natural products. The presence of microbial symbionts inT. swinhoei has been reported, and it was originally suggested that the cytotoxic macrolide swinholide A and many of the bioactive cyclic peptides fromT. swinhoei were all produced by symbiotic cyanobacteria. By transmission electron microscopy, we found four distinct cell populations to be consistently present inT. swinhoei: eukaryotic sponge cells, unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, unicellular cyanobacteria and filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Purification and chemical analyses of each cell type showed the macrolide swinholide A to be limited to the mixed population of unicellular heterotrophic bacteria, and an anti-fungal cyclic peptide occurred only in the filamentous heterotrophic bacteria. Contrary to prior speculation, no major metabolites were located in the cyanobacteria or sponge cells.     

Butterflies and ants: The communicative domain

Associations with ants, termed myrmecophily, are widespread in the butterfly family Lycaenidae and range from mere co-existence to more or less specific mutualistic or even parasitic interactions. Secretions of specialized epidermal glands are crucial for mediating the interactions. Transfer of nutrients (carbohydrates, amino acids) from butterfly larvae to ants plays a major role, but manipulative communication with the help of odour signals is also involved. By means of myrmecophily, lycaenid butterflies largely escape ant predation, and certain species gain protection through attendant ants or achieve developmental benefits from ant-attendance. Benefits to the ants range from minimal to substantial food rewards. While most lycaenid species maintain facultative relationships with a variety of ant genera, highly specific and obligatory associations have convergently evolved in a number of butterfly lineages. As a corollary, communication systems are largely unspecific in the former, but may be highly specialized in the latter. The sophisticated communication between obligate myrmecophiles and their host ants is tightly connected with the evolutionary rise of specialized life-cycles and thus is a source of augmenting diversity within the butterflies.     

审美对功利的兼容--李长之的审美批评观

中国现代文学批评有两大维度,一是社会功利维度,一是审美维度.但具体到批评家,两大维度往往并不是泾渭分明的,李长之的文学批评就是例证.他强调艺术不为用并不碍其有大用,体现了审美维度对社会功利维度的兼容,他对社会维度的承认统一于"文学性"和"审美性"前提当中.这种价值取向体现了民族危亡时期非主流批评家强烈的社会责任感.     

相容粗糙集在音频检索中的应用

针对数字技术的发展促使个人的多媒体数据资料量越来越大,给人们的使用造成很大的不便,人们迫切需要能对这些资料进行检索和管理的工具,提出了利用相容粗糙集理论对音频数据进行预检索的新方法,即在相容类的近似空间中对音频数据进行预检索.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地克服等价粗糙集在音频检索方面的限制,对提高检索效率具有一定的作用.