不对称还原苯乙酮酸甲酯的生物转化菌种选育及条件优化

选用酵母菌、乳酸菌、粪链球菌、假丝酵母等4个种属共15株菌株,研究其对苯乙酮酸甲酯的不对称还原催化特性.以具有R(-)-扁桃酸甲酯较高转化活力的菌株S.cNo.1、S.cNo.3、S.cNo.9作为出发菌株,采用紫外与微波复合诱变的方法,筛选获得S.c3.5.16突变株.考察培养温度、pH值对该突变株转化活力的影响,结果表明,S.c3.5.16菌株的R(-)-扁桃酸甲酯生物转化最适反应条件为培养基pH6.5、温度38℃,苯乙酮酸甲酯转化为扁桃酸甲酯的得率达到99.3%,R(-)-扁桃酸的光学纯度达到95.5%e.e..     

耐高浓度甘油的1,3-丙二醇生产菌的诱变选育

利用紫外线对克雷伯杆菌进行诱变,筛选出耐高浓度甘油且1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)产量较高的突变株KpⅥ.实验结果表明,在距离34 cm,功率30 W的紫外灯垂直照射下,最佳紫外诱变时间为6 min,此时,致死率为90.9%.克雷伯杆菌经过紫外诱变后,菌落明显增大,是原始菌株的2~4倍;变异菌株KpⅥ经过6代遗传稳定性考察,甘油消耗率和1,3-PD产量稳定,且保持了较高水平.在甘油质量浓度为90 g.L-1的条件下,变异菌株KpⅥ的甘油消耗率为98.3%,甘油转化率为50.4%,1,3-PD产量为44.81 g.L-1,生产能力达到0.75 g.(L.h)-1.     

污水处理芽孢杆菌的抗盐诱变育种技术研究

污染海水的处理是沿海城市生态环境治理中迫切需要解决的问题,培育耐盐污水处理菌种具有重要实践意义.对处理污水的芽孢杆菌Y进行抗盐诱变育种,分别采用紫外线照射、NTG、及60Coγ等方法,选出最佳诱变方法为NTG900μg/m与60Coγ200 Gy的复合处理.     

NTG对侧耳的诱变效应

采用正交试验设计以菌落直径为指标研究了NTG对侧耳8405的诱变效应.实验结果表明:当NTG的最终浓度为300μg/mL,处理前孢子先培养14h,于24℃黑暗条件下处理40min时,突变率和正变率高,变异幅度大.     

L-缬氨酸生产菌的选育及基于遗传算法的发酵培养基优化

采用以黄色短杆菌TV10为出发菌株,经紫外线、硫酸二乙酯逐级诱变处理,在含磺胺胍(SG)、α-氨基丁酸(α-AB)、2-噻唑丙氨酸(2-TA)结构类似物平板上定向筛选,获得L-缬氨酸高产菌株TV230。运用遗传算法,对L-缬氨酸发酵培养基的优化进行了研究,用10组实验完成了8因素20水平的优化任务。实验结果表明,采用优化后的发酵培养基能使缬氨酸的产量提高19.4%。     

乙酰氨基己酸锌的急性毒性试验和Ames实验

目的与方法:本文研究乙酰氨基己酸锌对小鼠的急性毒性作用以及用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌突变株的回复突变性检测乙酰氨基己酸锌是否具有致突变性.结果与讨论:结果表明,乙酰氨基己酸锌的小鼠腹腔注射的半数致死量LD50=364.69mg/kg;在加与不加S9的条件下,对TA97,TA98,TA100和TA102的致突变作用为阴性.     

Mutational effect of the “- 35” element of sorghumpsbA gene promoter

Mutations of the first position T and the third position G in TTGACA, the " - 35" element of sorghum psbA gene promoter, were induced using chemically synthesized 20 nt oligonucleotide primer. Three mutants were produced: ATTACA, GTGACA, and ATGACA. Then the protein binding affinity of the mutants and the wild type sorghum psbA gene promoter was tested in a spinach chloroplast protein extract system. Gel retardation assay of the wild type showed a strong protein-binding band. On the other hand, the protein-binding band of the mutant resulting from single base mutation, ATGACA or GTGACA, showed reduced intensity, while that of the mutant resulting from double base mutation, ATTACA, showed increased intensity. It is thus shown that the " - 35" element plays an important role in controlling the binding between psbA gene promoter and the specific chloroplast proteins; mutation of a single base may exert a substantial influence on the binding affinity.     

Transformation: a tool for studying fungal pathogens of plants

Plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi continuously threaten the sustainability of global crop production. An effective way to study the disease-causing mechanisms of these organisms is to disrupt their genes, in both a targeted and random manner, so as to isolate mutants exhibiting altered virulence. Although a number of techniques have been employed for such an analysis, those based on transformation are by far the most commonly used. In filamentous fungi, the introduction of DNA by transformation typically results in either the heterologous (illegitimate) integration or the homologous integration of the transforming DNA into the target genome. Homologous integration permits a targeted gene disruption by replacing the wild-type allele on the genome with a mutant allele on transforming DNA. This process has been widely used to determine the role of newly isolated fungal genes in pathogenicity. The heterologous integration of transforming DNA causes a random process of gene disruption (insertional mutagenesis) and has led to the isolation of many fungal mutants defective in pathogenicity. A big advantage of insertional mutagenesis over the more traditional chemical or radiation mutagenesis procedures is that the mutated gene is tagged by transforming DNA and can subsequently be cloned using the transforming DNA. The application of various transformation-based techniques for fungal gene manipulation and how they have increased our understanding and appreciation of some of the most serious plant pathogenic fungi are discussed. Received 9 May 2001; received after revision 2 July 2001; accepted 3 July 2001