古新世—始新世界线全球构造事件在沉积学中的反映

最新研究成果表明，古新世—始新世界线是全球构造事件的结果。这一事件在沉积学中表现为：岩性上从海绿石石英砂岩变化到粘土；粘土矿物组合从伊利石／蒙脱石为主到高岭石为主；大陆植物群的绝灭和迁移；钙质超微化石物种更新速度增长；底栖有孔虫绝灭和分异度降低；碳、氧同位素强烈负异常；大陆哺乳动物演化发生变化。     

日本东北大地震——大自然给人类上的又一课

作者介绍了2011年3月11日日本东北地区太平洋沿岸近海的M9.0特大地震的震后研究情况,日本列岛M8.0以上大地震发生的地球动力学背景、地理环境,大地震在东北太平洋沿岸地区、关东地区、东海道地区的活动历史以及对下一次东海地震发生时间的最新研究进展。最后总结了地震中长期预测的现状及相关基础研究应努力的方向,提出了在工程应用研究中应该避免的错误工作思路。     

豫西内乡文龙庙地区秦岭群卵形褶皱构造解析

秦岭地轴东段核心部位有规律地分布着一系列卵形褶皱,本文对其中之一的文龙庙卵形褶皱进行了构造解析,该卵形褶皱是由三期褶皱叠加而成。该区变形十分复杂,总的变形体制为塑性流变、韧性剪切、似弯滑、似弯流等;叠加褶皱的形成是在东秦岭开合构造背景下长期发展之结果,既有前寒武纪的塑造作用,也有后寒武纪的再造作用。     

东准噶尔地区板块构造特征及演化

该文根据区域地质构造特征、蛇绿岩带产出状态及地球物理资料等，划分东准噶尔及其邻区板块和次级构造单元，并探讨东准噶尔地区基底性质，从而揭示了东准噶尔板块由早古生代的大洋环境向晚古生代的大陆边缘至陆壳的演化历程和造山模式。     

An approach to 3D NURBS modeling of complex fault network considering its historic tectonics

Fault disposal is a research area that presents difficulties in 3D geological modeling and visualization. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to reconstructing a complex fault network (CFN). Based on the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) techniques, fault surface was constructed, reflecting the regulation of its spatial tendency, and correlative surfaces were enclosed to form a fault body model. Based on these models and considering their historic tectonics, a method was put forward to settle the 3D modeling problem when the intersection of two faults in CFN induced the change of their relative positions. First, according to the relationships of intersection obtained from geological interpretation, we introduced the topological sort to determine the order of fault body construction and rebuilt fault bodies in terms of the order; then, with the disposal method of two intersectant faults in 3D modeling and applying the Boolean operation, we investigated the characteristic of faults at the intersectant part. An example of its application in hydropower engineering project was proposed. Its results show that this modeling approach can increase the computing efficiency while less computer memory is required, and it can also factually and objectively reproduce the CFN in the engineering region, which establishes a theoretical basis for 3D modeling and analysis of complex engineering geology.     

福建平潭岛火山岩及其板块碰撞构造

提出在福建东南沿海地区晚白垩世除了产出有拉张地球动力环境下火山（石帽山群火山岩）和深成（魁岐碱性花岗岩类）产物外，在长乐－南澳断裂带以东的平潭岛还产出有挤压地球动力环境下火山产物．其化学成分和岩系演化趋势显著不同于闽东南南园组和石帽山群火山岩，为独立的钙碱性角闪石英安岩系．其成因可能与库拉板块沿台湾中央山脉东侧向台湾海峡陆块的俯冲有关．闽东南地区早白垩世挤压环境火山产物（南园组火山岩）和晚自垩世拉张环境火山－深层岩系则可能与燕山早期台湾海峡陆块向闽东南大陆边缘的碰撞俯冲，而在晚白垩世停止俯冲，同时在台湾中央山脉东侧发生的俯冲作用所造成的“弧后扩张”有关．     

安徽下扬子区北缘薄皮构造研究

安徽下扬子区北缘薄皮构造之表层构造丰富、典型;受基底与盖层间的切性滑脱面及下志留统高家边页岩韧——脆性滑脱面的联合控制,薄皮构造呈往南东变浅的楔形。薄皮构造以单剪方式往南东运动,缩短量达94km,缩短率约63.4％;起因于印支运动晚期至燕山运动早期扬子板块对华北板块的左行客斗向陆——陆碰撞所产生的拆离,先存生长正断层及板块边界的陆缘性质决定了其内部层块格局。薄皮构造的突发隆起带及韧性滑脱面分别是寻找油气和金的有利地带。     

新疆北部金、银、铜化探元素的分形研究及其找矿意义

根据板块构造的观点,划分新疆北部地壳的大地构造单元,应用分形基本和分数维的计算方法,计算出新疆北部地壳中金,银,铜的分数维,分析分数维的特征,研究其在板块构造和找矿等方面的意义。元素含量具有分形特征,分数维值的大小和矿化程度有关,最后指出新疆北部的找矿方向。     

When and how did plate tectonics begin？ Theoretical and empirical considerations

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipation in the bending lithosphere and viscous mantle. Plate tectonics is an unusual way for a silicate planet to lose heat, as it exists on only one of the large five silicate bodies in the inner solar system. It is not known when this mode of tectonic activity and heat loss began on Earth. All silicate planets probably experienced a short-lived magma ocean stage. After this solidified, stagnant lid behavior is the common mode of planetary heat loss, with interior heat being lost by delamination and “hot spot” volcanism and shallow intrusions. Decompression melting in the hotter early Earth generated a different lithosphere than today, with thicker oceanic crust and thinner mantle lithosphere; such lithosphere would take much longer than at present to become negatively buoyant, suggesting that plate tectonics on the early Earth occurred sporadically if at all. Plate tectonics became sustainable (the modern style) when Earth cooled sufficiently that decompression melting beneath spreading ridges made thin oceanic crust, allowing oceanic lithosphere to become negatively buoyant after a few tens of millions of years. Ultimately the question of when plate tectonics began must be answered by informa- tion retrieved from the geologic record. Criteria for the operation of plate tectonics includes ophiolites, blueschist and ultra-high pressure metamorphic belts, eclogites, passive margins, transform faults, paleomagnetic demonstration of different motions of different cratons, and the presence of diagnostic geochemical and isotopic indicators in igneous rocks. This record must be interpreted individually; I interpret the record to indicate a progression of tectonic styles from active Archean tectonics and magmatism to something similar to plate tectonics at ~1.9 Ga to sustained, modern style plate tectonics with deep subduction——and powerful slab pull——beginning in Neoproterozoic time.