A new indolic antiauxin, α-(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid: its chemical synthesis and biological activity

Summary A new potent antiauxin, -(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid has been synthesized and shown to inhibit auxin-mediated elongation ofAvena coleoptiles and to stimulate root growth of rice seedlings. Its activity is stronger than -(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid and is comparable to that of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which are typical antiauxins.     

(S)-(+)-4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid,a novel fluorinated plant growth regulator

Racemic 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid (TFIBA) has been synthesized and shown to inhibitAvena coleoptile elongation. (S)-(+)-TFIBA (fig. 1), which was prepared by an enzymatic method and markedly promotes root growth of Chinese cabbage, lettuce and rice plants, is a novel fluorinated plant growth regulator. Activity of the (S)-(+)-enantiomer of TFIBA was 10-fold greater than that of the (R)-(–)-enantiomer in the first two plant species and 5-fold greater in rice.     

No介导的不同光信号对玉米胚芽鞘生长的影响

在不同光信号下,用NO供体（SNP）、ROS清除剂（NAC）、氮合酶（NOS）专一抑制剂（LNNA）处理露白的玉米种子,探讨玉米胚芽鞘生长与NO信号分子间的关系．结果表明：胚芽鞘中存在类NOS活性,并受外源NO和ROS的反馈抑制;尽管外源NO对胚芽鞘的生长有一定的促进作用,但与类NOS活性共同消长的内源NO明显地阻抑胚芽鞘生长．由于黑暗是胚芽鞘适宜的生长环境,所以与黑暗相比较,增强UV-B辐射抑制类NOS活性和内源NO的产生,促进胚芽鞘的生长;正常光周期激活类NOS活性和内源NO的产生,减少胚芽鞘的生长．SNP,NAC和LNNA通过各种不同的机制抑制了NOS活性和内源NO的产生,胚芽鞘的生长就被促进,因此,不同光信号对玉米胚芽鞘生长的影响是通过内源NO信号分子实现的．     

钙信使系统抑制剂对伸长生长有关的细胞壁酶的影响

钙信使系统抑制剂，ＥＤＴＡ、异博啶、ＬａＣｌ３、Ａ２３１８７和ＣＰＺ抑制ＩＡＡ诱导的小麦黄化芽鞘切段细胞壁纤维素酶的活性，增加细胞壁ＰＯ和ＩＡＡ氧化酶的活性。结果暗示钙信使系统可能参与ＩＡＡ诱导的小麦芽鞘伸长生长有关的细胞壁酶的活性调节。     

某些硫代甲基膦酸酯类化合物的植物生长调节活性的研究

本文报道本所最近合成的某些硫代甲基膦酸酯类化合物的植物生长调节活性。合成的８个化合物中，７个化合物具有明显的植物生长调节活性：１０ｐｐｍ处理后均明显促进黄瓜子叶扩张，１００ｐｐｍ处理后明显抑制小麦胚芽鞘伸长。本文以Ｓ－乙基Ｏ－（２－氯－４－溴苯基）甲基膦酸酯（下文称２号化合物）为代表重点报道其对黄瓜子叶扩张，叶绿素含量的促进作用及对油菜下胚轴伸长的抑制作用。     

Ca~(2+)和CaM在IAA诱导小麦芽鞘伸长中的作用

应用 Ca~(2+)抑制剂和 CaM(钙调素)拮抗剂,对 Ca~(2+)和 CaM 在 IAA诱导小麦芽鞘伸长中的作用进行了研究.结果表明,小于0.5 mmol/L Ca~(2+)可明显促进小麦芽鞘切段伸长,并能加强 IAA 对伸长的促进,1mmol/L 以上Ca~(2+)则有抑制伸长的作用.Ca~(2+)通道抑制剂 Co~(2+)和 La~(3+)、CaM 拮抗剂CPZ(氯丙嗪)明显抑制芽鞘切段伸长,也降低 IAA 促进伸长的效应.因而,可以认为 Ca~(2+)介入 IAA 诱导细胞的伸长过程,Ca~(2+)通过 CaM 发挥其生理功能.     

Ethylene signaling in rice

Ethylene regulates many aspects of growth, development and responses to environmental stresses in plants. Its signaling pathway has been established in model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis. However, its roles and signal transduction in monocotyledous rice plant remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current advances in rice ethylene signaling studies and compare these with the results from Arabidopsis and other plants. Most of the components homologous to those in Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathway have been found in rice, including five ethylene receptors, OsEIN2, OsEIL1, and OsERFs. Rice ethylene receptors are functionally more divergent than that of Arabidopsis. OsEIN2 and OsEIL1 display limited roles in regulation of rice ethylene responses compared with their Arabidopsis orthologs. ERF-like proteins OsERF1 and OsEBP-89 appear to be involved in rice ethylene signaling. However, whether they are activated through OsEIN2 and OsEIL1-mediated pathway needs further studies. Given that rice uses ethylene to control many processes that do not exist in Arabidopsis, it seems that new components or new mechanisms may exist in rice ethylene signaling pathway.