A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus(Isolate BJ01)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a newly identified infectious disease[1—5]. The global outbreak of SARS has been threatening the health of people worldwide and has killed 353 people and infected more than 5462 in 27 countries, as reported by WHO on April 29, 2003 (http://www.who.int/csr/sarscountry/en). Although it has been recognized that a variant of virus from the family of coronavirus might be the candidate pathogen of SARS[1—5], its identity as the unique pathogen sti…     

似然比检验和贝叶斯推论在雉科分子系统学中的应用

应用似然比检验和贝叶斯推论进行雉科分子系统学研究．所用的56条纫胞色素b基因全序列代表了雉科24属50种以及作为外类群的6个相关属．等级制似然比检验表明该数据集的最佳进化模型为GTR I——G。建立在坚实的统计学基础上的贝叶斯系统树表明雉科可以分为3个分支．特别是包括角雉、松鸡、火鸡和gallopheasant等在内的第3分支的单系群性质得到了充分的支持．深层分支格局的高分辨率和高支持率说明将雉科划分为雉族和鹑族是人为的．结果表明，似然比检验和贝叶斯推论是分子系统学研究的强有力工具．     

山茶科系统发育诠释：Ⅸ.山茶属的原始特征及其演化趋向

讨论和比较了关于山茶属演化趋向的两种观点，认为根据现存种类及目前发现的化石资料，花无梗，苞被不分化为苞片和萼片，代表了山茶属的原始特征；而花梗伸长，引起了苞萼分化，苞片在花梗上疏离，宿存，脱落或减少，演化出更加进步的类群；而苞被保持不分化，多数状态下也可能在花和果等方面得到演化，体现了系统发育和个体发育在山茶属内次级分类群中并不一致     

盲蝽科(半翅目异翅亚目)部分昆虫酯酶同工酶比较研究

运用酯酶同工酶电泳技术获得盲蝽亚科Mirinae、合垫盲蝽亚科Orthotylinae、叶盲蝽亚科Phylinae和齿爪盲蝽亚科Deraeocorinae 4个亚科12个属的23种盲蝽的酯酶同工酶(EST)酶谱．将所获得的酶谱数据(酶带和相对迁移率Rf)转化为二态特征数据，建立矩阵，用系统发育分析软件包WinClada 1．00．04对数据矩阵进行分析运算，分别获得各个亚科内和亚科间的系统发育树．分析结果表明：①酯酶同工酶酶谱特征在不同属级单元之间以及同属的不同种类之间都存在着明显的差异；②不同属种之间酯酶同工酶特征的相似程度与外部形态特征之间的相似程度不一致，以外部形态为主要依据的传统分类的一些属不是真正的单系群；③酯酶同工酶酶谱特征所反映出的盲蝽科4个亚科间的相互关系与Sehuh 1974年所做的盲蝽科内系统发育部分一致，但合垫盲蝽亚科与叶盲蝽亚科之间不是直接的姐妹群关系．4个亚科的关系为(((盲蝽亚科Mirinae，齿爪盲蝽亚科Deraeocorinae)叶盲蝽亚科Phylinae)合垫盲蝽亚科Orthotylinae)；④盲蝽亚科内存在着明显的异质性，需要进一步分类修订．     

基于trn L-F序列数据利用贝叶斯法推测罗汉松科的系统发育

以黑松和Agathis australis为外类群,基于罗汉松科42种植物的叶绿体trnL-F序列数据通过贝叶斯法对该科的系统发育进行了推测.结果显示:①Phyllocladus为单系分支,位于罗汉松科的基部,是罗汉松科所有其余成员的姊妹群;②Nageia嵌套在罗汉松科内,同罗汉松属、Afrocarpus及Retrophyllum的关系较为密切;③Dacrycarpus为单系群且处于姊妹分支Falcatifolium-陆均松属的基部;④Lagarostrobs franklinii和Manoao colensoi应置于同一属Lagarostrobs内;⑤支持成立Halocarpus和Lepidothamnus属;⑥赞同Microstrobos和Microcachrys两属亲缘密切的观点.     

中国岩黄耆属(Hedysarum L.)植物区系生态地理分布

依据种的现代分布、替代关系、地质历史、古气候和化石资料,探讨了中国岩黄耆属植物区系的发生、演变及形成机制.结果表明:岩黄耆属可能是由古地中海旱生植物区系中一类中生的原始灌木类群,在晚始新世到早渐新世或比这个时期稍晚一些,经过第三纪以来的环境分异变化,逐渐形成适应高寒山地生长的扁荚组种类和适应干旱环境生长的多茎组、短茎组种类,短茎组种类是多茎组对干旱强化进一步适应的结果,与此同时,原始的灌木类群自身也在继续演化,形成适应荒漠半荒漠生长的种类.这种演化过程揭示出生存环境中水热条件的剧烈变化是植物演化的主要动力.     

A new species of Schizopera (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Japan,its phylogeny based on the mtCOI gene and comments on the genus Schizoperopsis

The predominantly marine genus Schizopera Sars, 1905 has only two significant inland water species-flocks, one in the ancient African Lake Tanganyika and the other in subterranean waters of Western Australia. Discovery of Schizopera abei sp. nov. from several interstitial locations in the vicinity of the ancient Lake Biwa has wider implications for the study of morphological homoplasies in the genus, as well as for the study of freshwater invasions in harpacticoid copepods. The new Schizopera species belongs to a small group of congeners with a two-segmented endopod of the fourth leg, which used to be recognised as a separate genus, Schizoperopsis Apostolov, 1982. Our reconstructed phylogenies based on the mtCOI partial sequences suggest that this character probably evolved convergently in at least some Schizopera, thus rendering the genus Schizoperopsis polyphyletic. However, almost all basal nodes in our cladograms are weakly supported, which shows limitations of a single-gene approach for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. The new species is the first member of its genus from Japanese inland waters, and it has no close relatives among extent congeners anywhere in the world. We speculate that its ancestor may have invaded Lake Biwa, and subsequently its surrounding subterranean waters, from brackish areas around central Japan, presumably during a period of high sea water level through its major outflow river. This discovery may provide further support for the hypothesis about the role of ancient lakes as biodiversity pumps for subterranean habitats.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F71F7AD-B7C8-4AD3-BE44-5E1BEE4E2AA8     

The parasitic wasp genera Skiapus,Hellwigia, Nonnus,Chriodes, and Klutiana (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae): Recognition of the Nesomesochorinae stat. rev. and Nonninae stat. nov. and transfer of Skiapus and Hellwigia to the Ophioninae

The ichneumonid wasp genera Skiapus Morley, Hellwigia Gravenhorst, Nonnus Cresson, Chriodes Förster, and Klutiana Betrem are each formally removed from the Campopleginae on the basis of morphological, molecular, and simultaneous analyses using PAUP* and the optimization alignment program POY. Skiapus and Hellwigia are shown to form a monophyletic group with the Ophioninae to which they are transferred. Nonnus is treated as comprising the Nonninae stat. nov. and Chriodes and Klutiana (sometimes treated as a junior synonym of Chriodes) are treated as comprising the Nesomesochorinae stat. rev. The status of Nesomesochorinae and Nonninae is not fully resolved as they are not consistently recovered as separate groups, forming a single clade in some analyses. We keep them separate because of this uncertainty. Molecular synapomorphies within the D2–3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA gene show the utility of this gene region in determining subfamily‐level placement within the higher Ophioniformes.     

Gonopod segmentation and the Australian centipede Prionopodella (Chilopoda): testing a basal position in the Scutigeromorpha

The monotypic centipede genus Prionopodella Verhoeff, 1925 Verhoeff, K. W. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 39. Chilopoda.. Arkiv för Zoologi, 26A: 1–62.  [Google Scholar] has until now been known only from the types of its type species, collected in Queensland, Australia, nearly a century ago. The female gonopods of Prionopodella were described as having a uniquely tripartite structure, viewed as primitive relative to the bipartite gonopod of all other Scutigeromorpha. An articulation in the syntelopodite is present in one syntype, but new specimens from central eastern Queensland show an, at most, incompletely jointed or entirely unjointed syntelopodite, as in other scutigeromorphs. Cladistic analysis of morphological characters including Prionopodella and the likewise monotypic Australian genus Prothereua Verhoeff, 1925 Verhoeff, K. W. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 39. Chilopoda.. Arkiv för Zoologi, 26A: 1–62.  [Google Scholar], shows Prionopodella to nest within Thereuoneminae, allied to other Asian/Australian genera, rather than in a basal position within Scutigeromorpha as is implied by Verhoeff's theory about primitive gonopod structure.