Within‐nest abundance of a tropical cockroach Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi associated with Crematogaster ants inhabiting epiphytic fern domatia in a Bornean dipterocarp forest

Many epiphytic ferns in tropical forest canopies have domatia that provide habitat for arboreal arthropods such as ants. Two species of fern that were predominantly occupied by Crematogaster difformis ants were collected from the canopy of a forest in Borneo. In the fern domatia, two cockroach species, Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi and Blatta sp., were found to live with C. difformis. Pseudoanaplectinia yumotoi were found in large numbers and accounted for approximately 20% of the total arthropod population, while Blatta sp. comprised only 1% of the arthropods living in the domatia. Behavioural experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of C. difformis workers to newly introduced cockroaches of each species and to allospecific ant workers. Crematogaster difformis workers were highly aggressive and quickly attacked allospecific workers. Both cockroach species could fend off ant attacks; however, dead Blatta sp. were often attacked by the ants while dead P. yumotoi were infrequently bothered.     

Escape behavior in the cockroach: Distributed neural processing

Summary Escape reactions are often considered to be among the simplest behaviors. The nerve circuits guiding these reactions are also generally thought to be simple. For instance, in several species a single interneuron is sufficient to trigger normal escape. The evasive response of the cockroach, however, appears to be more complex both behaviorally and physiologically. In this review, several complications of the behavior are pointed out, based on a recent computer-graphic analysis of the leg movements. Next described is the cooperative role of several interneurons-not just one-in evoking an escape turn away from the stimulus. A model of this multicellular code for stimulus direction is then presented that correctly predicts the turning behavior under many different experimental conditions. Finally, an overall scheme of the information processing for escape behavior is presented.     

蝲蛄河水质污染情况调查及整改建议

文章主要通过对蝲蛄河水质进行调查,对其污染状况及形成的原因进行了分析,提出了几点整改意见。     

基于蟑螂算法的产品拆卸序列规划

文章为研究废弃产品的拆卸序列规划,首先建立了产品拆卸模型混合图,描述零部件之间的连接关系和优先关系,推导出可拆卸性条件;其次,通过几何推理生成产品可行的初始拆卸序列,建立目标函数并构建适合拆卸序列规划的蟑螂算法;依据初始拆卸序列和其他控制参数,结合蟑螂算法对拆卸序列进行优化得到最优解;最后,通过实例验证了该方法的可行性...     

德国小蠊致敏原Bla g 2的Glu 233突变的分子对接研究

为探讨Bla g 2的E233A突变对抗原抗体相互作用的影响,从RCSB数据库下载德国小蠊致敏原Bla g 2野生型及其单克隆抗体4C3的NMR结构,运用Swiss PDB Viewer将Bla g 2野生型(E233-93Q)构建为突变型(E233A-93Q)三维结构;并将Bla g 2野生型和突变型分别与其单克隆抗体4C3进行分子动力学模拟和蛋白-蛋白对接.结果表明:突变体E233A与单克隆抗体4C3结合能力下降,进而增加了与Ig E的结合力,可能加重过敏反应的发生.     

Volatile sex pheromone in the female German cockroach

Virgin German cockroach adult females release an attractant that can be extracted with organic solvents and trapped from air blown over sexually receptive females. Behavioral assays with an olfactometer showed that the attractant was produced exclusively by adult females and it elicited behavioral responses in adult males, confirming its function as a female sex pheromone. Using behavioral and electrophysiological assays, we localized the site of pheromone production on the tenth abdominal tergite where an adult female-specific gland is found. Females whose glands were ablated were significantly less attractive to males than sham-operated control females.     

Permeability of arthrodial membrane to water: A first measurement using in vivo techniques

Summary Despite differences in surface morphology and fine structure, the permeabilities of untreated scorpion sternite and pleural cuticle to water are similar (0.69 versus 0.79 g·cm^–2·h^–1·mm Hg^–1). Hexane applied to pleural membrane increased its permeability 9-fold, but neither hexane nor chloroform: methanol had much effect on sternite permeability. When sternite cuticle was treated with 1.0 N KOH followed by chloroform: methanol, permeability increased about three times over control values. In contrast, cockroach pronotum, which is 17 times more permeable than scorpion sternite, exhibited a marked increase in permeability when treated with just hexane. In both the scorpion pleuron and cockroach pronotum, disruption of the lipid barrier caused by rubbing is partially responsible for the higher permeabilities observed following solvent treatment.     

Relationship between the absolute configuration and the biological activity of juvenile hormone III

Summary The activity of the pure 10R (=natural) and 10S enantiomers of juvenile hormone III (JH III) was determined in 3 different bioassays, and the relative binding affinity of the 2 enantiomers to the haemolymph JH-binding protein of the cockroachNauphoeta cinerea was measured. In theGalleria wax test, a local morphogenetic assay, the 10R enantiomer was 5240 times more active than, the 10S enantiomer, 1Galleria unit corresponding to 0.42 pg of 10R-JH III as compared to 2.2 ng for 10S-JH III. In a systemic morphogenetic assay with the cockroachNauphoeta cinerea 380 times less 10R enantiomer was necessary in order to induce detectable juvenilisation (58 ng 10R and 22 g 10S) and in a systemic gonadotropic assay withNauphoeta cinerea 255 times less 10R was needed to induce vitellogenin synthesis in 50% of the insects (6.7 ng 10R and 1710 ng 10S). In the JH-binding protein assay 10R-JH III had an affinity for the JH-binding protein (lipophorin) which was approximately 46 times higher than that of 10S-JH III.