Coastal wetland in South China： Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands＇ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

氧同位素：追踪陆架海沿岸水团变化的良好标志

对于陆架海而言除了冰体积效应,温度效应外,还有由于大陆淡水注入引起的,使δ＾１８Ｏ值负向偏移的效应,而且在低海平面时期,当沿岸水团盛行时,这种效应起主导作用。笔者将这种效应从广州的盐度效应中分离出来,称为陆架海的负值效应。     

上海市南汇南滩近期演变特征分析

作者利用经验正交函数(EOF)方法分析了上海市南汇南滩近期冲淤特征，表现为随着时间的推移在空间上纵向与横向的两种波动.纵向上,南汇南滩的冲淤波动以类似行进波的形式向西传播,速率约为820m/a,波动幅度沿程递减,横向上,以水下斜波和海床的衔拉部位为节点,整个剖面以类似驻波的形式上下振动,节点上下出现相反的冲淤趋势,即上冲下淤或上淤下冲.水下斜波带冲淤幅度最大,滩地和海床相对要小.     

福建海岛草丛植被的等级聚合分类

福建海岛草丛植被是海岛的重要资源,植被调查是实现沿海地区经济发展战略的重要措施之一。本文用等级聚合分类把福建海岛22个样地的草丛植被分为10个类型。揭示了按优势种划分的各个类型之间的联系和区别,表明了群落样地中的种类组成与环境之间的关系。研究证明,等级聚合分类在草丛植被分类中是可行的。     

广西滨海旅游资源开发初探

该文概述了广西滨海旅游资源发展的现状，分析了其优势，提出了开发构想。     

Coastal wetland in South China:Degradation trends,causes and protection countermeasures

There are abundant coastal wetlands in South China and their main characters are the tidal flats, mangroves and coral reefs. In this paper, the status quo of coastal wetlands in South China is introduced and their degradation trends in the last decades are analyzed based on the existing literatures and information. Their degradation trends are characterized by reduction of coastal wetlands’ area, pollution of seawater environment, degeneration of ecological environment, sharp decrease of biodiversity in the wetlands and so on. At the same time, the causes resulting in the above-mentioned degradations are discussed, mainly concluding imperfect systems of management and legislation, deficient property and assessment systems of the wetlands, weak consciousness of protecting coastal wetlands, shortage of basic study and backward management level and so on. Some countermeasures are put forward for the sake of a sustainable use of the coastal wetlands of South China, mainly including establishing and perfecting administrative and legal systems for the coastal wetlands, developing the study on assessment of coastal wetland, heightening the consciousness of public participation, and strengthening scientific research and establishment of wetland nature reserves.     

滨海平原河网浅水动力分区特性研究

以浙江省姚西北地区平原河网为例,简化感潮河段闸门控制运行的数学模型,研究挡潮闸运行期间闸上游河道水面线的扰动规律.据此,对河网进行水动力分区,确定各区洪水水力特性.应用HEC-RAS软件进行数值计算,结果表明,该结论合理、可靠,可为姚西北平原河网水动力分析和防洪调度提供理论和技术支持.     

生物有机肥对盐渍土壤水盐动态及番茄产量的影响

为探讨生物有机肥对不同类型盐渍土壤(设施次生盐渍土、滨海盐渍土)水盐动态和作物产量的影响,采用盆栽试验方法研究不同施肥(不施肥、化肥、生物有机肥、生物有机肥+化肥(比例为1∶1))处理对盐渍土土壤含水率、电导率、盐分离子组成变化和番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(a)单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理均可以提高土壤含水率;(b)单施生物有机肥处理的土壤电导率最低,其次为生物有机肥+化肥处理;(c)对于设施次生盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了23.63%和15.60%;(d)对于滨海盐渍土,与化肥处理相比,单施生物有机肥处理和生物有机肥+化肥处理的土壤盐分离子总量分别降低了22.34%和10.32%;(e)番茄收获后,设施次生盐渍土各处理的NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)在土壤盐分中的占比降低,滨海盐渍土各处理的Na~+、K~+和Cl~-占比降低;(f)单施生物有机肥处理最有利于土壤微生物的增加,其次是生物有机肥+化肥处理;设施次生盐渍土中生物有机肥+化肥处理的番茄产量最高,比单施生物有机肥处理增产165.5%;(g)施用生物有机肥可以提高设施次生盐渍土的作物产量和灌溉水利用效率,而单施化肥则可能会造成作物绝产;(h)施用化肥虽然提高滨海盐渍土的作物产量,但施用生物有机肥处理的灌溉水利用效率相对较高。     

广西围填海进程及其对近海生态和生物资源的影响分析

近年来,随着社会、经济和科技的迅猛发展以及人口的快速增加,广西城镇化、工业化的迅速推进,土地需求量急剧增加。围填海是缓解沿海省市土地资源紧缺的重要方式;围填海在带来经济效益的同时,对海洋环境、生态也造成了巨大的影响。为此,本文在分析广西沿海1949年至今大规模围填海进程和特征的基础上,从海洋生态环境、自然海岸线、滨海湿地和海洋生物资源等方面,分析和探讨大规模围填海对广西近海生态环境和资源的影响,并对如何合理地开发利用海洋资源提出初步的管理方法和对策,为广西沿海经济快速发展和围填海开发管理提供参考。     

近50年钦江水沙变化研究

【目的】分析钦江近50年来河流水沙变化特征,以及河床演变对水沙变化的响应。【方法】以钦江为研究对象,收集长时间序列的水沙和河床断面资料,基于小波分析、"3S"和Mann-Kendall非参数秩次相关检验等方法,分析水沙变化及其影响因素。【结果】20世纪60年代以来钦江水沙均呈现下降趋势,其中含沙量下降趋势尤为明显,水沙变化突变年份是1979年和1995年;夏半年的平均流量与平均输沙量分别占全年的58.62%和61.77%,年平均流量和年平均含沙量存在4~6年和15年的周期振荡特征;中游河床枯季先冲刷后淤积,下游则以冲刷为主;流量主要受降雨控制,而含沙量则主要受控于水土流失、森林保育和人口增长等多种因素。【结论】钦江水沙总体呈下降趋势,水土流失、水利工程和耗水量等人类活动是泥沙减少的重要影响因素。