The melatonin rhythm: both a clock and a calendar

The paper briefly reviews the data which shows that the circadian production and secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland can impart both daily, i.e., clock, and seasonal, i.e., calendar, information to the organism. The paper summarizes the 3 patterns of nocturnal melatonin production that have been described. Clearly, regardless of the pattern of nocturnal melatonin production a particular species normally displays, the duration of nightime elevated melatonin is proportional to the duration of the night length. Since daylength under natural conditions changes daily the melatonin rhythm, which adjusts to the photoperiod sends time of year information to the organism. The melatonin receptors which subserve the clock message sent by the pineal gland in the form of a melatonin cycle may reside in the biological clock itself, namely, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The melatonin receptors that mediate seasonal changes in reproductive physiology are presumably those that are located on the pars tuberalis cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Besides these receptors which likely mediate clock and calendar information, melatonin receptors have been described in other organs. Interestingly, the distribution of melatonin receptors is highly species-specific. Whereas the clock and calendar information that the melatonin cycle imparts to the organism relies on cell membrane receptors, a fact that is of some interest considering the high lipophilicity of melatonin, recent studies indicate that other functions of melatonin may require no receptor whatsoever.     

对DEBUG实用程序的一点改进──使DEBUG能跟踪“反跟踪软件”

作者提出对ＩＢＭＰＣ系列微机上ＤＥＢＵＧ实用程序的一种改进方法，即通过修改单步中断和断点中断的处理程序，使之能跟踪“反跟踪软件”，这对软件解密和病毒分析无疑是有用的。     

Multiple MIPS 4Kc cores based interrupt controller design and its implementation on HDTV SoC platform

A multiple MIPS 4Kc processor cores based interrupt processing system is introduced. The interrupt controller plays a key role in the high definition television （HDTV） system-on-a-chip （SoC） platform, especially when it is a multiple processor system. Based on a general introduction to the whole HDTV SoC platform, a layered interrupt controller and its implementation are discussed in detail. The proposed scheme was implemented in our FPGA verification board. The results indicate that our scheme is reliable and efficient. Meanwhile, as a functional intellectual property （IP）, the interrupt controller has reusability and expandability with the layered structure.     

矿井监测系统双积分A／D转换器的设计

介绍了一种利用８０３１单片机实现的智能型双积分Ａ／Ｄ转换器的实用电路,所构成的Ａ／Ｄ转换器转换位数可由程序设定,最高可达１６位。     

单片机系统中的实时日历时钟

本文详细讨论了美国ＤＡＬＬＡＳ半导体公司新近生产的实时日历时钟芯片ＤＳ１２８８７在单片机应用系统中的使用方法,包括与８０５１单片机的硬件接口电路、编程和使用注意事项．     

喜树的种子休眠及更新

对喜树种子的休眠与更新进行了研究．结果表明,喜树种子成熟后有约４个月的休眠期．种子内部生物钟节律与所处环境的气候年变化节律相似,使种子处于周期性休眠状态．喜树种子的天然寿命约２年．大树和中树种子的天然更新能力优于小树和枯梢树．天然环境通过抑制已萌发种子的成苗和幼苗的生长发育而限制喜树利用种子进行自然更新,适当的人为干扰可大大促进自然更新．     

SDH网的定时结构设计

传输网络定时是SDH网同步设计中的一个重要层面.首先介绍了定时保护倒换规则,然后分析了在设计过程中可能遇到的由于时钟倒换快慢引起的假定时环路问题,提出了科学规划的解决方法,最后得出了简单易行的传输网络定时环状结构.该结构解决了假定时环路问题,可应用于工程实际.     

同步数字集成电路设计中的时钟树分析

研究了同步数字系统的组成和时钟偏移,并结合一个数字集成电路8051的时钟树设计实例,介绍了时钟树的经验结构和设计方法流程.比较了采用Synopsys公司的布局布线工具实现的自动时钟树分析与指定结构时钟树分析,证明结构恰当的时钟树能得到比自动时钟树分析更好的结果.     

DS/CDMA接收机高精度时钟同步及其校准技术

介绍了以卫星导航系统时钟为参考时间基准，通过时间比对的方法，实现对卫星接收机高精度频率源OCXO的时钟同步及校准，成功地解决了卫星导航系统与卫星接收机时钟同步的问题，为卫星导航定位电文解算提供可靠的时序．正确地解算导航电文，以保证后续的位置定位的精度要求．     

Linux 2.4内核中断之探析

以Intel 80x86为基础，阐述了Linux的中断及其处理过程，深入地分析了Linux2．4内核中新引入的两种中断处理机制：softirq与tasklet．