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Immunomodulatory properties of cystatins 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Cystatins are natural tight-binding reversible inhibitors of cysteine proteases. Because these cysteine proteases exist in
all living organisms and because they are involved in various biological and pathological processes, the control of these
protease functions by cystatins is of cardinal importance. Cystatins are found in mammals but cystatin-like molecules are
also present in mammals and parasites. In the immune system, cystatins modulate cathepsin activities and antigen presentation.
They also induce tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 10 synthesis, and they stimulate nitric oxide production by interferon
γ-activated murine macrophages. In turn, nitric oxide has inhibitory activity on cysteine proteases, especially those from
parasitic protozoa. Cystatins isolated from parasitic nematodes also have immunomodulatory activities that are distinguishable
from those induced by lipopolysacharide-like molecules from endosymbiotic bacteria. On the whole, cystatins and cystatin-like
molecules belong to a new category of immunomodulatory molecules. Doubtless increasing data will improve our knowledge of
this property, leading to practical applications in immunotherapy.
Received 11 April 2002; accepted 18 April 2002
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ID="*"Corresponding author. 相似文献
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采用“非浸没培养皿法”培养,对新疆石河子市蘑菇湖混合污水污染土壤及对照土壤中原生动物的群落进行了比较.共记录了43种土壤原生动物,6种共有种,污染土壤中原生动物相对数量少.群落相似性分析表明,污染土壤与对照土壤中原生动物群落结构极不相似,混合污水污染导致土壤原生动物群落结构发生较大变化. 相似文献
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采用PFU法,于2004年夏季采集贵州羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落。生物样和水样进行室内岩溶水生原生动物培养、分离和鉴定,研究羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落的组成、功能营养类群及其生态类群特征。结果得出,羊昌河岩溶水生原生动物群落物种组成含17目33属36种;该岩溶水生原生动物群落含5个功能营养群,其中,光合营养群含有3个种,占总数的8.33%,细菌碎屑取食者群含有19个种,占总数的52.78%,食藻者类群含有11个种,占总数的30.56%,非选择性杂食者群含有1个种,占总数的2.78%,食肉者群含有2个种,占总数的5.56%;该岩溶水生原生动物群落的Maglaef多样性指数和异养性指数,分别是3.52和103。 相似文献
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收集对数生长期的上海四膜虫,分离细胞核,制备染色质并以酚抽提制得酚溶性染以质非组蛋白,经SDS-PAGE测得四膜虫酚溶性染色非组蛋白有六条明显的蛋白带,其表观量为88KD,79KD,70KD,52KD,38KD,24KD,与鼠肝酚溶性染色质非组蛋白具有明显的5条的分子量有显著的差异。 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(20):2395-2412
We have investigated the main morphological features of the asexual division and encystment process in the ciliate Colpoda minima. It is a soil colpodid ciliate with a quite variable body size. The nuclear apparatus is composed of one ellipsoidal macronucleus and one lenticular micronucleus. The somatic infraciliature is made up of 69–101 kineties, 10–16 of which are postoral. The oral infraciliature is made up of two oral polykineties, the left one consists of 45–60 short oblique rows of kinetosomes whereas the right one is formed by a row of kinetosome pairs and many short rows of kinetosomes disposed without a regular arrangement. Cell division occurs in a division cyst and produces four tomites. Stomatogenesis is merotelokinetal and involves about 16–23 stomatogenic kineties. A macronuclear extrusion process takes place during cell division. The resting cyst is included in the partial-kinetosome-resorbing (PKR) group, and its cyst wall has two layers which are derived from different cystic precursors. During encystment, macronuclear division and chromatin extrusion (in some cases) have been observed. All of these characteristics of the life cycle of C. minima are compared and discussed with respect to those of other colpodid ciliates. 相似文献
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人体与动物隐孢子虫和肠道原虫的考察洪凌仙,杨文川,彭文峰,崔宏江(生物学系)隐孢子虫是人兽共患的一种球虫类原虫,寄生宿主广泛,包括鱼类、爬行类、鸟类、乳动物及人类.Nime在美国首次报道人体隐抱子虫病例[‘j,此后世界各国陆续发现人体的病例,并认为隐... 相似文献
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The small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene was sequenced for two marine scuticociliates Metanophrys similis and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi. The results show that this gene comprises 1763 and 1753 nucleotides in the two marine ciliates respectively. Metanophrys similis is phylogenetically closely related to the clade containing Mesanophrys carcini and Anophyroides haemophila, which branches basally to other species within the order Philasterida. Pseudocohnilembus hargisi groups with its congener, P. marinus, with strong bootstrap support. Paranophrys magna groups with the clade including Cohnilembus and Uronema, representing a sister clade to that containing the two Pseudocohnilembus species. 相似文献
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Alan WARREN 《自然科学进展(英文版)》2006,16(4)
The small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) gene was sequenced for two marine scuticociliates Metanophrys similis and Pseudocohnilembus hargisi. The results show that this gene comprises 1763 and 1753 nucleotides in the two marine ciliates respectively. Metanophrys similis is phylogenetically closely related to the clade containing Mesanophrys carcini and Anophyroides haemophila, which branches basally to other species within the order Philasterida. Pseudocohnilembus hargisi groups with its congener, P. marinus, with strong bootstrap support. Paranophrys magna groups with the clade including Cohnilembus and Uronema, representing a sister clade to that containing the two Pseudocohnilembus species. 相似文献