吖啶橙荧光染色法在遗传毒理学中的应用

本文用吖啶橙(Acridine orange)荧光染色法进行了遗传毒理的研究,并取得了较好的效果。实验内容包括:(1)中国仓鼠体外培养细胞的姐妹染色单体交换试验;(2)中国仓鼠活体中姐妹染色单体交换试验;(3)小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验;(4)孕鼠骨髓与胎鼠肝血微核试验。与Giemsa染色法相比,吖啶橙荧光染色法有染色特异性强、色泽鲜艳、重复性强、实验结果可靠等优点.     

Increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes in 39,X(XO) mice

Since rare cases of sex chromosome anomalies such as XXX and XXY were observed in the offspring of our XO breeder mice, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of metaphase II oocytes of XO mice to determine whether any changes in chromosomal configurations occur. We found a significantly increased incidence of unpartnered single chromatids in metaphase II oocytes of XO mice. Such single chromatids may contribute to embryonic aneuploidy. In addition, the tendency of the X-chromosome to segregate non-randomly to the oocyte rather than to the polar body was confirmed.     

习惯性流产女性淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换的检测分析

为分析石油作业女性外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)对习惯性流产的影响.随机选择习惯性流产的石油作业女性34人和正常的育龄女性20人,检测其外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换,记数SCE发生率.结果表明,观察组的外周血淋巴细胞SCE发生率为8.83±0.74,明显高于对照组(P0.05).说明SCE的发生可作为石油作业习惯性流产女性染色体结构稳定性的检测指标,石油作业环境中的某些有害物质对女性DNA损伤有一定的影响.     

Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of normal and alcoholic subjects

The effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and age on sister chromatid exchangen (SCE) frequency in human lymphocytes were assessed by means of multiple linear regression. An increase in SCE rates was associated with alcohol consumption (p=0.0001), smoking (p=0.0231), and, to a small extent (p=0.057), age. These three confounding factors explain 48% of the inter-personal variation in SCE rates among subjects studied.We are grateful to Dr D. Krapavickaité for performing, the statistical analysis, and to Mrs V. Navickiené for technical assistance. We also wish to thank Dr B. Lambert (Stockholm, Sweden) for his valuable suggestions.     

黄芪等对CP诱发小鼠染色体畸变,SCE和微核的防护作用

利用染色体畸变、体内 SCE 技术和微核测定法研究了黄芪、当归和丹参对环磷酰胺(CP)诱变的防护作用.结果表明:黄芪等3种中药本身对小鼠无诱变作用;黄芪、当归对 CP 的诱变有明显防护作用,丹参有一定的防护作用.     

Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in different types of chromatin in the X chromosome ofMicrotus cabrerae

We used the X chromosomes ofMicrotus cabrerae as a model to analyze the distribution of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) on different types of chromatin, because of the marked heterogeneity of the heterochromatin in the entire short arm and a portion of the long arm of this chromosome. Computer-simulated distributions, according to an algorithm that makes it possible to modify the distribution on the basis of any possible hypothesis, were compared with real distributions by log-linear models. We found that the frequency of SCEs in different types of heterochromatin was higher than that expected for a random distribution, and located an SCE hot-spot at the junction between euchromatin and heterochromatin. The possible relationship between the distribution of SCEs and base composition or chromatin accessibility are discussed.     

脉冲电流电磁场对淋巴细胞染色单体互换的影响

通过不同模式的脉冲电流电磁场(PCEMFs)对离体的人体外周血淋巴细胞进行电磁辐射,初步得出PCEMFs对淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换(SCE)影响的规律:细胞SCE和破坏的程度与PCEMFs的磁感应强度Bm及其变化梯度dB/dt呈正相关关系.提出了使细胞SCE发生变异的临界参考指标,其中Bm为0 15T,dB/dt为1 8×104T/s,破坏的临界参考指标分别为2 64T和3 3×104T/s,为强电流脉冲放电环境的电磁防护研究提供了实验依据.细胞SCE及破坏的程度和PCEMFs中电场和磁场的空间相对位置有关,电场和磁场相互垂直的PCEMFs对细胞的影响程度比其他结构形式的PCEMFs显著.     

用细胞遗传学方法研究生化灭鼠剂对哺乳动物体细胞的致突变性

经人外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换、小鼠骨髓细胞的染色体畸变分析，以及致哺乳动物的嗜多染红细胞的微核发生试验，研究了不同性质的生化灭鼠剂对人和小鼠体细胞的致突变性．结果表明，无论生化灭鼠剂是否具生理毒性，对人和小白鼠体细胞均不具致突变性