微波辐射法制备环境友好型絮凝剂

主要研究了在微波处理条件下由虾、蟹壳制备环境友好型絮凝剂的方法。并对各因素对甲壳素脱乙酰度的影响进行了讨论,用正交试验确定了最优的反应条件。     

1-(3,5-二氯 4-异噻唑甲酰基)3-芳基脲及1-(3,5-二甲硫基 4-异噻唑甲酰基)3-芳基脲的合成

结构新颖的含异噻唑杂环脲类化合物被合成，其结构经元素分析，^1H NMR和IR所证实，异噻唑甲酰胺与芳基异氰酸酯的反应速率受芳基异氰酸酯的取代基影响，吸电子基使反应速度加快表明反应为亲核加成。     

Effect of Carboxymethyl Starch as Stabilizer for Increasing the Stability of Warp Sizing Pastes

The influences of carboxymethyl starch used as stabilizer upon the stability of native cornstarch-polyvinyl alcohol blend pastes for warp sizing have been investigated. The effect of the modified starch on the paste stability was evaluated in terms of the initial demixing time and the volume percentage of separated starch. The carboxymethyl starch with a series of different degrees of substitution was prepared in ethanol dispersion by varying the amount of monochloroacetic acid reacted with refined native cornstarch. The paste stability strongly depends on the modification extent and amount of carboxymethyl starch used, and on native starch content in the paste. Increase in the modification extent and/or the amount of the modified starch effectively retards the phase separation and reduces the separation extent of native cornstarch-polyvinyl alcohol blend pastes. Moreover, the mechanism and favorable modification extent of carboxymethyl starch for enhancing paste stability are also investigated and disc     

甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中的脱乙酰基反应

分别以８种一元醇和水做溶剂，配制成不同ＮａＯＨ浓度及醇水比的溶液，在此溶液中进行了甲壳质脱乙酰反应．发现，不同醇、氢氧化钠浓度、醇水比、搅拌都对反应速度有明显的影响．甲壳质在氢氧化钠－醇－水体系中进行脱乙酰反应，要比在氢氧化钠水溶液中容易进行．还初步探讨了醇在体系中的作用     

改性羧甲基纤维素/SiO2杂化材料结构与性能

丙烯酰胺(AM)与丙烯酸(AA)对羧甲基纤维素(CMC)进行接枝改性,并将其与硅溶胶进行原位杂化制得高吸水性材料.通过红外(FTIR)与扫描电镜(SEM)表征其结构,用TGA分析硅溶胶用量变化对材料热性能的影响.同时,研究硅溶胶用量的变化对吸水性能的影响.     

甲壳素/纤维素共混粘胶长丝的研制

为了探讨不同共混比的纤维素黄原酸酯、甲壳素黄原酸酯共混溶液所制得长丝的形态结构和物理性能，选择了甲壳素质量分数分别为0％、2.89％、6．46％的长丝进行研究。普通粘胶长丝、共混长丝的表面均有沟槽，随着甲壳素质量分数的增加，沟槽量变少，且纤维表面变得粗糙、不光滑。在试验范围内，与纯粘胶纤维相比，共混长丝的湿干强度降低，但降低的幅度不大。随着共混长丝中甲壳素质量分数的增加，长丝的结晶度、取向度、模量、密度随之减小；纤维回潮率、可及度呈现下降趋势，但降低的幅度都不大。共混纤维对大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌等菌类的抑菌率均在26％以上，为合格的抑菌产品。     

甲壳素/壳聚糖的应用研究进展

甲壳素是一种极其有前途和极其重要的天然高分子可再生的物质,是不造成环境污染的新型高分子材料.本文全面的综述了甲壳素/壳聚糖的性质和制备以及在食品工业、医药卫生、环境保护、农业和作为功能高分子方面的应用.     

傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法在纺织上应用

本文叙述了傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法(FTIR-PAS)的基本原理及其在纺织上应用。研究了组合浆料中变性聚乙烯醇的定量测定、涤棉混纺纤维中涤纶的定量测定、苎麻及甲壳素经碱处理后的光谱性质的变化。研究结果表明,以变性聚乙烯醇C=O基团的伸缩振动1570cm~(-1)吸收峰可作为定量测定变性聚乙烯醇的依据。以涤纶分子结构中羰基伸缩振动1725cm~(-1)峰高与纤维分子结构中碳氢键伸缩振动2915cm~(-1)峰高的比值,可定量测定涤棉混纺纤维中涤纶含量。苎麻经碱处理后,非晶谱带898cm~(-1)度明显增加,晶区谱带1430cm~(-1)强度明显下降,其变化程度取决于碱浓度。甲壳素的酰胺吸收峰1555cm~(-1)随碱处理浓度、温度和时间的增加而下降。与常规的红外吸收光谱法相比较,傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法具有无损快速的优点,适宜于制作困难的试样。     

海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜的结构与性能研究

利用溶液共混法制备了新型共混膜:海藻酸/淀粉/羧甲基纤维素共混膜,通过红外光谱、X-射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析和差示量热扫描等对共混膜的结构进行了表征,并测定了不同配比共混膜的透光率、抗张强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸汽透过率和吸水率.结果表明:共混膜中海藻酸、淀粉和羧甲基纤维素之间具有较强的相互作用和良好的相容性.共混膜具有良好的力学性能,在生物材料领域有潜在利用价值.     

Comparison study of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres

To compare two microspheres of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin loaded theophylline as pulmonary sustained drug delivery carriers, the characteristics and ciliotoxicity were studied. The drug loadings of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres were 21.09% and 21.42%, and the encapsulation efficiencies were 91.40% and 92.80%. The distributions of 50% (d _0.5) of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres were 4.89 and 5.83 μm, respectively. Both microspheres showed spherical shape with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. FT-IR of chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres demonstrated that theophylline had formed hydrogen bonds with chitosan and β-cyclodextrin, while for the carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres theophylline had interaction with carboxymethyl chitosan. The moisture absorption showed that an equilibrium was reached within 24 h. The two microspheres possessed better adaptability. In vitro release of theophylline from chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres was slower than that from carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres at pH 6.8. Biography: LI Ruobao(1968–), male, Associate professor, research direction: foundation research of respiratory system.