‘Chloride-cell’ — like mitochondria-rich cells of salamander larva gill epithelium

Summary Two types of mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) are described ultrastructurally in the gill epithelium of salamander larva. They resemble MRC found in larval ventral epidermis. Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase indicated numerous positive reacting cells, most of them flask-shaped. Morphological and functional similarities to fish chloride cells are discussed.     

Exogenous carbon acquisition of photosynthesis in Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) under emersed state

The photosynthetic performances of Porphyra haitanensis thalli were investigated in order to understand its mechanisms for exogenous carbon acquisition during emersion at low tide. The emersed photosynthesis was studied by altering the pH value in the water film on the thalli surface, treating them with carbonic anhydarase inhibitors (acetazolamide and 6-ethoxyzolamide), adjusting the CO2 concentrations in the air, and comparing the theoretical maximum CO2 supply rates within the adherent water film with the observed photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates. It was found that the principal exogenous inorganic carbon source for the photosynthesis of P. haitanensis during emersion was atmospheric CO2. The driving force of CO2 flux across the water film was the CO2 concentration gradient within it. Carbonic anhydrase accelerated both extracellular and intracellular CO2 transport. The emersed photosynthesis of P. haitanensis was limited by the present atmospheric CO2 level, and would be enhanced by atmospheric CO2 rise that would trigger global warming.     

对钢水升温用碳质发热剂的初步探讨

依据热力学与动力学原理，计算了碳的氧化热效应。讨论分析了碳的氧化速度和完全燃烧，以及碳质发热剂的组成与成型等问题。     

Density functional theory study of proton transfer in carbonic anhydrase

Proton transfer in carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ has been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G（D） level. The active site model consists of the zinc ion, four histidine residues, two threonine residues, and three water molecules. Our calculations showed that the proton of the zinc-bound water molecule could be transferred to the nearest water molecule and an intermediate containing H3O^＋ is then formed. The intermediate is only 1.3 kJ·mol^-1 above the reactant complex, whereas the barrier height for the proton transfer is about 8.1 kJ·mol^-1.     

碳酸酐酶在四氧化三铁上固定化及其性能表征研究

以四氧化三铁为载体,利用共价结合和交联法相结合的方法制备固定化碳酸酐酶(CA),通过单因素试验,得出CA最佳固定化条件,并对固定化酶进行性能表征.结果表明,在最优的固定化条件下,固定化酶的酶活回收率可达到66.90%,且其pH值稳定性、操作稳定性、热稳定性和贮藏稳定性明显高于同等条件下的游离酶,该固定化酶经5次催化水解底物后仍能保持62.58%的相对酶活.     

高浓度CO_2对小新月菱形藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用的影响

以赤潮硅藻小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium var.minutissima)为实验材料,研究了短期内(12 h)高浓度CO2(5%CO2)对其胞外碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用的影响,结果显示,高浓度CO2培养导致小新月菱形藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性、叶绿素a和叶绿素c含量明显下降.与通空气培养(0.035%CO2)相比,在短期内(12 h)胞外碳酸酐酶活性下降了75.4%,叶绿素a、c含量分别降低了5.6%和7.3%;高浓度CO2培养下最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Yield)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)下降,但非光化学淬灭系数(gN)升高.研究结果表明,高浓度CO2对胞外碳酸酐酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,小新月菱形藻通过调整光系统Ⅱ的能量流动和能量利用效率以适应高浓度CO2的环境.     

Effects of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on carbonic anhydrase location in osteoclasts of cultured embryonic chick bone

Summary The ultrastructural location of carbonic anhydrase has been examined in osteoclasts of cultured embryonic chick metatarsi. In untreated cultures and in those to which parathyroid hormone (PTH) was added, the enzyme was found in close association with the plasma membrane of the ruffled border. After brief calcitonin treatment (10 min) the ruffled border disappeared and the association of carbonic anhydrase with the plasma membrane was diminished. The results indicate that the hormones employed act directly on embryonic bone to alter osteoclast structure and the intracellular location of carbonic anhydrase.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by NIH grants DE04345 and AM20374. Dr Cao was a visiting scientist from the Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, The Peoples Republic of China. We thank Kathryn Majarwitz for assisting with the morphometric analysis. The PTH was provided by the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services.     

应用嫩化剂提高牛肉嫩度的研究

应用酸性物质(食醋、柠檬酸)、碱性物质(碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠)、蛋白酶等试剂,采用正交试验设计,从感官和离心法测定保水能力,比较研究了牛肉最佳嫩化条件,得出蛋白酶有一定嫩化作用,碱性物质的嫩化效果较明显,而以碳酸钠的效果最佳。     

取代苯甲酸、取代苯酚酸性PKa和取代苯胺碱性PKb的分子拓扑研究

基于元素的Pauling电负性,原子成σ键的电子数,原子直接键连的氢原子数目和原子形成离域键时所提供的PZ电子数,建立了一种分子连接性指数(4X),它与19种取代苯酚酸性Pka的线性方程为:Pka=14.1127-1.63754X,它与22种取代苯胺碱性Pkb的线性方程为:Pkb=4.5524 2.08464X.它与30种取代苯甲酸酸性Pka的线性方程为:Pka=7.1000-0.72034X.结果表明,4X具有良好的结构选择性和性质相关性,可用于预测其它取代苯甲酸、取代苯酚酸性Pka值和取代苯胺碱性Pkb值.     

用“马尔柯夫链”分析法讨论含炭岩系沉积剖面结构

用“马尔柯夫链”分析法对胶莱盆地下白垩统莱阳群含炭岩系沉积环境进行讨论，建立其沉积相模式。此含炭岩系为还原环境陆相湖泊基底堆积，接受古陆变质岩及混合花岗岩风化产物堆积，为一重要的金矿源层。