溶剂萃取法制备碳酸盐的热力学讨论

向金属氯化物(Ⅰ)的水溶液中通入CO_2气体,以期制备相应的碳酸盐和酸式碳酸盐,在常温常压下,体系的△G>0,反应几乎是不可能的。向反应体系中加入有机溶剂(S),使生成的HCl即被萃取,可促进Ⅰ的继续转化。分析计算表明,S对HCl必须有很强的萃取能力,其K_萃须在10~5以上。研究了加入有机溶剂N_(235)前后,体系的热力学状态、函数及其变化。加入N_(235)后,K_萃值增大了5个数量级。考察了温度、时间和通气次数对系统热力学性质的影响。根据反应的耦合原理和热力学分析,提出萃取剂选择的原则。结合实验数据的估算说明:溶剂萃取法由Ⅰ和CO_2制备碳酸盐的工艺路线是可行的。     

Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO_2和环氧乙烷生成环状碳酸酯

Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO2和环氧化合物合成环状碳酸酯的反使用了温室气体CO2为原料来合成有用的分子,同时该反应符合原子经济性,是最有潜力的绿色化学反应之一.讨论了Salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化CO2和环氧化合物合成环状碳酸酯反应中取得的重大进展,尤其是催化合成手性环状碳酸酯的化学选择性问题.     

菱铁矿对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响

碳酸铁对铁矿石的浮选影响极大,严重恶化浮选指标.在三种浮选体系下,研究菱铁矿含量对假象赤铁矿与石英混合矿浮选的影响.结果表明,在十二胺和油酸钠反浮选体系下,菱铁矿加入到两种混合矿中时,浮选指标下降.十二烷基硫酸钠体系下,假象赤铁矿和石英混合矿中加入少量菱铁矿时,精矿品位有所增加.因此,若要实现含碳酸盐铁矿石的有效分选,必须首先消除细粒级菱铁矿的影响.     

碳酸盐溶液中富水充填材料的腐蚀及劣化机理

为了研究碳酸根离子对富水充填材料的影响,通过强度检测、扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析和红外光谱测试,分析富水充填材料在碳酸钠溶液中浸泡后的宏观及微观结构变化,并对其腐蚀及劣化机理进行探讨.富水充填材料在质量分数为10%的碳酸钠溶液中浸泡后,抗压强度随浸泡时间延长大幅度降低,浸泡90 d 后抗压强度比标养28 d 抗压强度降低72.5%,浸泡28 d后出现泥化现象. X射线衍射图谱显示,富水充填材料在质量分数为10%的碳酸钠溶液中浸泡后有碳硫硅钙石生成,且随浸泡时间延长碳硫硅钙石的生成量增大.红外光谱结果未发现[ AlO6]存在,证实在碳酸钠溶液中富水充填材料硬化体中钙矾石急剧减少,转变为烂泥状的碳硫硅钙石;碳硫硅钙石作为无胶结力物质,会对富水充填材料硬化体造成严重破坏,表明碳酸盐溶液对富水充填材料具有腐蚀作用.     

Major factors controllin8 the formation of middle and large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields

Marine carbonate oil and gas fields have become an important exploration area in China and even across the world. Their formation, distribution and enrichment are special owing to the complexity of the deposition, diagenesis and accumulation, which is caused by the multiplicity of the carbonate de- positional environments and facies, huge extensions of formation time and burial depth, complication of diagenetic evolution, heterogeneity as well as the development of pores, caves and fractures affected by various factors. Oil and gas accumulations in carbonate rocks are not strictly controlled by the second-order structure belt. Most of them, under certain structural settings, are controlled by sedimentary diagenesis and its favorable facies. The hydrocarbon reservoir type is predominantly stratigraphic. Based on the worldwide researches of carbonate fields, the paper concludes that 7 main factors control the formation and distribution of middle-large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields.     

碳酸钙和硼酸铝晶须的表面处理研究

采用硬脂酸钠为处理剂对碳酸钙晶须和硼酸铝晶须进行了表面处理,通过测定活化指数、红外谱图及偏光显微观察对晶须的处理效果进行了表征,研究了处理剂的用量、处理温度和处理时间等工艺因素对表面处理的影响。结果表明:硬脂酸钠对两种晶须的处理效果均较好,活化指数分别可达到96.5%和97.3%。其中,碳酸钙晶须的最佳处理条件:处理剂用量为45%,处理时间为50 min,处理温度为40℃;硼酸铝晶须的最佳处理条件:处理剂用量为30%,处理时间为40 min,处理温度为40℃。     

烷基咪唑类离子液体的合成与表征

采用绿色化学合成法,以N-丁基咪唑和1,2-二甲基咪唑为反应原料,碳酸酯为烷基化试剂,合成了2种离子液体的中间体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碳酸甲酯盐([n-BMIM]OCO2Me)和1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑碳酸乙酯盐([EMMIM]OCO2Et),然后通过与HBF4及HPF6的反应,得到4种离子液体:1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([n-BMIM]BF4)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([n-BMIM]PF6)、1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMMIM]BF4)和1,2-二甲基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([EMMIM]PF6).产物结构经FT-IR, 1H-NMR和质谱分析确认.最后通过差示扫描量热分析（DSC）测定6种离子液体的结晶温度或熔点.     

Major factors controlling the formation of middle and large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields

Marine carbonate oil and gas fields have become an important exploration area in China and even across the world. Their formation, distribution and enrichment are special owing to the complexity of the deposition, diagenesis and accumulation, which is caused by the multiplicity of the carbonate depositional environments and facies, huge extensions of formation time and burial depth, complication of diagenetic evolution, heterogeneity as well as the development of pores, caves and fractures affected by various factors. Oil and gas accumulations in carbonate rocks are not strictly controlled by the second-order structure belt. Most of them, under certain structural settings, are controlled by sedimentary diagenesis and its favorable facies. The hydrocarbon reservoir type is predominantly stratigraphic. Based on the worldwide researches of carbonate fields, the paper concludes that 7 main factors control the formation and distribution of middle-large marine carbonate stratigraphic fields.     

新型双酚铋配合物的合成及其在CO_2与环氧烷耦合反应的催化性能

合成了3种双酚铋配合物,并以4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为助催化剂利用其催化CO2与环氧丙烷(PO)进行耦合反应.系统探讨了催化剂用量、温度、CO2压力和时间对反应的影响,得出了最佳的反应条件为:反应物用量r(PO∶Cat∶DMAP)=1000∶2∶1,反应温度130℃,CO2压力2 MPa,反应时间5 h.在最佳条件下,双酚配体上取代基为吸电子的氯离子时催化活性最好.合成的环状碳酸酯的产率达90%以上,产物的选择性均达到100%.     

地热储层改造技术研究进展

热储强化增产技术是提高深部热储开发能力的有效手段,通过提高热储层的渗透性增大岩体与流体之间的传热能力,最大限度地开发岩体中的热能。介绍了热储强化增产改造中酸化技术的发展历程与增产原理,梳理了国内外典型地热田开展酸化增产的相关案例和研究现状,总结了常用的酸性化学刺激剂和增产效果。