中国大气颗粒物污染与致癌研究进展

 室外空气污染和污染空气中的颗粒物是一类致癌物，而近年中国的大气颗粒物污染仍然维持在较高浓度水平。通过综述中国近年大气颗粒物污染现状和开展的颗粒物致癌机制研究，分析中国研究中颗粒物有关实验动物致癌性的证据和颗粒物致癌的人群流行病学线索，阐述大气颗粒物与癌症的关系，提出中国亟需开展相关研究。     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7) was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7). To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an en- hanced accumulation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4 cells in the tumors of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. Ultrastructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the recombinant bacteria; the exogenous gene can de delivered to the host by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to produce anti-tumor effect with no obvious cytotoxity to the host. In this study, it is established that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could be used as a vector for oral gene vaccine, and our study provided a theoretical basis for the body distribution and the metabolism of the recombinant bacteria. This strategy may provide a simple, safe and effective way for the prevention and treatment of tumors.     

Eph受体家族和Ephrin-A5在NSCLCs中上调表达及其临床意义

采用荧光实时定量PCR的方法在48个非小细胞肺癌组织以及配对的正常肺组织中检测Eph/ephrin 基因的mRNA水平.发现肺癌组织中EphB4, EphB3 和 ephrin-A5的表达水平与配对的正常肺组织相比分别上调了60%,81%和65%,并具有显著的统计学差异. 而且,统计学分析发现ephrin-A5的表达水平与肿瘤分型、转移、性别、吸烟以及诊断年龄等临床病理学参数之间存在显著的相关性.此外,EphA2的表达水平与肿瘤大小、家族遗传史以及诊断年龄之间也存在显著的相关性.总之,这些结果提示EphB4, EphA2, EphB3 和ephrin-A5 在肺癌的发生和发展过程中可能以一种单独或者协同的形式发挥作用.这些蛋白有可能成为研究和诊断肺癌的重要靶向基因.     

局部复发性直肠癌的再手术治疗

探讨局部复发性直肠癌(直肠癌根治术后)再次手术的价值、方法、回顾性分析再手术治疗的局部复发性直肠癌33例.结果:21例行根治术,12例行姑息性手术.根治术组和姑息性手术组中位生存期分别为35.2个月(8～82个月)、13个月(2～23个月),再手术5年生存率为34.8%.结论:对于局部复发性直肠癌仍应积极手术,有助于延长生存期,提高生存质量.     

高校图书馆的阅读治疗服务对大学生心理健康的作用

分析了大学生产生心理疾病的原因,探讨了"阅读治疗"对大学生心理健康的作用,提出了高校图书馆开展阅读治疗的措施。     

微波与生物组织的相互作用及微波理疗中若干实际考虑

本文论述了描述微波与生物组织相互作用的数学表达式,讨论工作频率选择、透入深度、反射、极化、泄漏及防护等实际问题。     

癌痛及其处理对癌症患者生存质量的影响

目的 :探讨癌痛及其处理对癌症患者生存质量的影响。方法 :对 4 8例癌痛患者采用线段分级法(VAS)和 KPS评分法于治疗前后进行评估。结果 :无论是轻度、中度还是重度疼痛 ,均严重影响患者的日常生活、情绪、行走能力、工作、睡眠 ,且随着疼痛程度的加重 ,影响也逐渐加深 ;经三阶梯止痛法治疗后生存质量明显提高 ,治疗前后比较有显著的差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :疼痛是影响癌症患者生存质量的一个重要因素 ,对癌痛患者应给予必要的止痛治疗 ,以提高患者的生存质量     

Frequent mtDNA mutations and its role in gastric carcinogenesis

In order to disclose the relationship between mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and gastric carcinogenesis, we screened the entire mtDNA sequence in 30 cases of human gastric cancer and matched normal tissues by using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and DNA sequencing. Our data showed that high frequency (66.7%, 20/30) of mitochondrial genome mutation occurred in gastric cancer. Among these variants, 17 cases (56.7%, 17/30) were identified to be somatic mutation. High level mutant frequency was found in ND4, ND5 coding genes and D-loop control region, which was 36.7%, 26.7% and 30% respectively. Comparing with complexes Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴof the electron transport chain, we found that variants appeared to be more frequent in the subunit genes of complexⅠ. Most of mutations were base substitutions (85.4%, 41/48). Our results suggested that mutations of subunit genes encoding complexⅠ, especially ND3, ND4 and ND5 genes, might contribute to human gastric carcinogenesis.     

降纤酶治疗脑梗塞64例临床疗效观察

目的：探讨降纤酶对脑梗塞的治疗效果及对血液流变学的影响。方法：治疗组64例采用降纤酶治疗脑梗塞，对照组58例采用5％低分子右旋糖酐加维脑路通注射液静脉滴注治疗脑梗塞，进行对比观察。结果：对治疗前后患的神经功能缺损进行评定，治疗组降低纤维蛋白原、改善血液流变学明显优于对照组。结论：降纤酶溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞有一定疗效。     

Laminin五肽对胃癌细胞系MGc－803的体外抑制作用

描述了Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ五肽（ＹＩＧＳＲ）对胃癌细胞系ＭＧｃ－８０３的体外抑制作用，在多肽浓度为１ｍｇ／ｍｌ时抑制率高达７３％．抑制作用的机理可能是Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ五肽竞争了肿瘤细胞上Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ受体，从而封闭了肿瘤细胞对基底膜的结合及增殖．因此，利用Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ五肽一类的药物有可能为肿瘤术后防止扩散提供一个新方法．