植物钙营养与贮存关系的研究

多年多点试验表明：钙在４种石灰性土壤以及一些植物体内的运输缓慢；在生殖生长为主期间，根外喷施０．４％ＣａＣｌ２溶液，可改变果实表皮细胞形状，有效地延长果品贮存期，ｔ检验处理均高于对照，差异均达极显著。     

Growth ages of ferromanganese crusts from the western and central Pacific： Comparison between nannofossil analysis and ^10Be dating

Based on results of nannofossil analysis and 10Be dating in ferromanganese crusts M1-1 and A1-1 (no nannofossils were found in it),from the western and central Pacific respectively,it is found that the crust growth ages from nannofossil biostrati-graphy agree well with those based on 10Be isotope analysis. Both crusts have three growth layers,and the oldest layer was deposited in Miocene at about 12.80 Ma. The maximum,minimum,and average growth rates of crust A1-1 (from the central Pacific) are 8.11,1.92 and 3.47 mm/Ma,and those of crust M1-1 (from the western Pacific) are 2.93,0.47,and 0.94 mm/Ma.     

围压效应对钙泥质胶结砂岩强度和变形的影响

针对西部地区侏罗系砂岩成岩年代新、胶结程度较差,以及煤矿高强度开采的特点,开展恒定围压下三轴压缩实验,不同速率卸围压,以及单块多级加载实验,研究围压路径变化效应对钙泥质胶结砂岩强度和变形特征的影响.实验表明:西部中粒砂岩峰值强度、残余强度、峰值应变、弹性模量、泊松比等力学参数均对围压依赖性较强,且由于其钙泥质胶结的细观特性使其黏聚力、内摩擦角相比其他地区、其他年代的砂岩较低.随着围压的增大,试件由简单平整破裂面向复杂非平整多破裂面破裂模式转化.变围压加载过程中,围压的变化对砂岩的承载能力和变性特征影响显著,围压主要通过束缚试件横向变形和裂纹扩展,以及增大内部摩擦的方式影响岩体的力学特征,围压卸载和加载对岩体力学参数的影响规律可为采场推进速度优化和围岩支护分析提供一定的参考.     

高应力作用下不同颗粒特征的钙质砂压缩破碎特性

对南海不同岛礁处的钙质砂开展一系列终止压力为8MPa的高压固结试验，研究不同颗粒形貌及不同粒组的钙质砂的颗粒破碎演化规律。试验结果表明，两种钙质砂试样S₁和S₂的矿物组分基本相同，但不同的沉积环境造成了颗粒形状具有显著差异；以片状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₂的压缩性和颗粒破碎程度会显著高于以块状颗粒为主的钙质砂试样S₁，且颗粒相对破碎率B_r均随着颗粒粒径的增大而增大；对两种不同的钙质砂而言，相对破碎率B_r与压缩变形量之间呈良好的幂函数递增关系，表明颗粒破碎大小与压缩变形量密切相关。     

Biomimetic fluorapatite films for conservation of historic calcareous stones

Fluorapatite protective films were prepared on marble substrates using a biomimetic method. By mimicking the mineralization mechanism of enamel, phosphorus and fluorine were introduced on the surface of the marble substrate. In the presence of a biological template, namely collagen, an integrated fluorapatite film was produced and the marble substrate was entirely covered. The prepared fluorapatite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The performances of the fluorapatite films were evaluated by color changes, capillary water absorption, and acid resistance tests. The results revealed that the fluorapatite films had good compatibility with the marble substrate; the physical properties such as color and capillary water adsorption of the marble substrates were unchanged. The fluorapatite films also had good acid resistance and were stable even in heavy acid rain.     

乌龟卵壳结构的研究

本文对乌龟卵壳在扫描电镜下的微观结构进行了研究.乌龟卵壳主要由钙质层与壳膜组成.钙质层由霰石状态的碳酸钙晶体组成,可分为许多个壳单位,每个壳单位由同一中心辐射出来的针状晶体构成.卵壳的外表面具有一定的饰纹,有些部位还分布有纵横交错的有机纤维和块状的有机物质.壳膜由多层网状纤维组成,没有内、外壳膜之分.龟卵在孵化过程中不形成气室.同时对孵化前后龟卵壳的结构进行了对比研究.     

冲击荷载下钙质砂侧限压缩及颗粒破碎试验研究

海洋动力环境中钙质砂受荷载时的压缩变形特性是工程建设考虑的重要因素。对1~2 mm粒径钙质砂在侧限条件下进行静荷加载、冲击加载、冲击后静荷加载试验,分析试样在三种加载方式下的e-P曲线,运用Hardin模型中的相对破碎率Br值对其颗粒破碎进行度量。试验结果表明:相同荷载幅值水平下,相对静荷加载,试样对冲击加载较为敏感,其压缩变形更加明显,颗粒级配变化更显著;冲击加载时,存在临界冲击次数N_(cr),此时试样孔隙比趋于稳定;且冲击荷载幅值越大,相应临界冲击次数N_(cr)值越大;同时发现冲击加载会影响试样压缩性,冲击加载时试样颗粒破碎程度越高,冲击加载后静荷加载时表现的压缩性越低,颗粒相对破碎率B_r值变化越小,试验结论对工程建设具有一定参考意义。     

Plant uptake of aluminium from calcareous soils

Concentrations of Al in leaf tissue of plants growing on limestone soils (pH ca. 8) are similar to, or do not deviate much from, concentrations in plants growing on acid silicate soils. Aluminium concentrations in the topsoil solution are at least one order of magnitude lower in limestone than in acid silicate soils. Plants seem to absorb Al quite efficiently under moderately alkaline soil conditions. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.     

氯甲基吡啶与NBPT配比对石灰性土壤氮素转化的影响

为了筛选适宜的脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂组合,本试验通过在室内模拟培养条件下,研究不同浓度的NBPT与Nitrapyrin配比对石灰性土壤氮素转化的影响。结果表明:尿素施入土壤1 d后80%已迅速水解,在5 d后已完全水解。在1-14 d不同浓度的NBPT均可显著抑制尿素水解(P0.05),且10%o NBPT可高效作用14 d,其脲酶抑制率为51%。添加抑制剂延缓了铵态氮的转化过程,各施肥处理土壤NH_4~+-N含量分别在第7、14、21天达到峰值,而各抑制剂处理NO_3~--N含量呈线性缓慢上升趋势。添加抑制剂各处理均降低了土壤氮素损失,相比单施尿素处理分别降低14%、22%、26%、28%(P0.05)。NBPT 5‰+Nitrapyrin可有效抑制尿素水解,减缓氮素转化过程,减少石灰性土壤氮素损失。     

宝珠寺水电站廊道析出物中钙质成因分析

大坝廊道排水孔析出物的产生是一个普遍现象,正确认识析出物的成因,是评价坝基渗透变形、坝基灌浆帷幕的工作状态的基础.析出物中的钙质一般有两个成因,其一是渗透库水自身的化学反应形成,其二是渗透库水对渗透途径上的岩体中的钙质成分或是对灌浆帷幕的溶蚀形成.若是后者,则标志着渗透库水对坝基、帷幕产生了溶蚀作用,这对坝基的稳定、帷...