乳腺癌PKCs表达与其分化程度的相关性

为了研究蛋白激酶C（PKC）和乳腺癌分化及转移的相关性，采用免疫组化SABC方法检测48例人乳腺癌的PKC蛋白表达，包括PKCα、βI、η和ξ等蛋白。结果表明，与分化低的乳腺癌对比，分化高的乳腺癌PKC蛋白表达水平提高。在临床I－II和III级的乳腺癌中，PKCη蛋白表达率分别为61．5％和9．1％，具有显著意义（P＜0．05），PKCξ蛋白表达率分别为92．3％和27．3％，具有极显著意义（P＜0．01）。另外，在乳腺癌未转移的病例中，PKCs蛋白表达水平普遍较高，其中PKCξ与肿转移相关性极显著（P＜0．01）。此外，PKCs蛋白表达水平与肿瘤患者年龄无关。以上结果提示，PKCη和PKCξ有可能作为评价临床乳腺癌分化和转移程度的指标之一。     

乳腺癌诊断指标的数理统计分析

以UCI机器学习知识库提供的683个乳腺癌数据为基础，利用相关分析、逐步线性回归和主成分分析等数理统计方法，对用于诊断检测乳腺癌各指标间的相互关系及主要判断指标进行了深入研究，指出细胞大小的均匀性(X2)、细胞形状的均匀性(X3)是检测乳腺癌诸指标中最重要的指标。     

Common Molecular Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer

During its lifetime, the mammary gland undergoes many phases of development and differentiation. Much of this occurs during puberty, when the ductal epithelium expands by branching morphogenesis, invading the surrounding fat pad to form an organised mammary tree. Throughout its existence, the epithelium will go through several cycles of proliferation and cell death during pregnancy, lactation and involution. Many of the signalling mechanisms which control the initial invasion of the fat pad by the epithelium, and regulate its continuing plasticity, can be harnessed or corrupted by tumour cells in order to support their aberrant growth and progression towards invasion. This is true not just for the epithelial cells themselves but also for cells in the surrounding microenvironment, including fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes. This review examines the complex web of signalling and adhesion interactions controlling branching morphogenesis, and how their alteration can promote malignancy. Current in vivo and in vitro mammary gland models are also discussed. (Part of a Multi-author Review)     

用于盐酸阿霉素增敏的双给药水凝胶体系制备

多药耐药型乳腺癌细胞对抗癌药物盐酸阿霉素(DOX·HCl)敏感性下降,需要设计和制备一种实现抗癌药物增敏的给药体系.提出一种同时负载DOX·HCl和齐墩果酸(OA)的双给药聚乙二醇水凝胶体系.该体系基于具有亲水和疏水性的聚乙二醇水凝胶,实现DOX·HCl和OA的共包封和共释放.两种药物的释放通过氧-迈克尔加成反应和醇修...     

三种方法测定碱性磷酸酶对肝疾病的诊断价值

目的研究血清碱性磷酸酶检测临床肝疾病时的方法学,提高临床诊断价值。方法收集临床不同肝疾病病人的血清,分别用3种方法测定其碱性磷酸酶的活性,并与健康对照组比较作诊断性能分析。结果各肝疾病组血清碱性磷酸酶的活性与对照组相比有极显著差异（P〈0．001）;3种方法分别测定各组之闻的血清碱性磷酸酶活性无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。2．乙基氨基乙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、二乙醇胺3种缓冲液测定试剂盒方法测定的灵敏度分别为55．20％、47．96％、51．13％,特异度分别为100％、100％、93．75％。结论血清碱性磷酸酶可以作为各类肝病的临床诊断指标;对肝疾病血清碱性磷酸酶测定用2,乙基氨基乙醇缓冲液的试剂方法测定效果较好。     

单克隆抗体连接表阿霉素导向治疗乳腺癌的体外基础研究

本文报道了抗人乳腺癌单克隆抗体Ｍ４Ｇ３与表阿霉素结合物的制备及其体外免疫活性．首先用高碘酸钠氧化葡聚糖，使其成为多醛基葡聚糖，并以此为中间载体将表阿霉素与单抗连接，经测定，每一抗体分子能携带３１个药物分子，且结合物仍具有良好的免疫活性，为单抗导向药物治疗乳腺癌提供了理论基础和实验依据．     

Functional Imaging of Breast Tissue and Clinical Application

0Introduction Near infrared(NIR)techniquesarebasedonsensitive,quantitativemeasurementsoffunctionalcontrastbe tweenhealthyanddiseasedtissue.Recently,researchersshowgreatinterestinmeasuringfunctionalpropertiesofbreasttis suesuchashemoglobinconcentrationoroxygensaturationbyNIRspectroscopyandNIRimaging[1,2].NIRlightcanpene trateseveralcentimetersintotissuebeforeitisattenuatedbe lowdetection.ThemainintrinsicmechanismsofNIRlightat tenuationintissuearethescatteringduetoindexofrefractionvariatio…     

高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的:评价高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺疾病的诊断价值.方法:对362例乳腺疾病进行二维及彩色多普勒超声检查.结果:乳腺增生227例,乳腺纤维腺瘤54例,乳腺炎10例,乳腺癌71例.结论:高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺疾病有较高的诊断价值.     

Apoptotic cell death in the lactating mammary gland is enhanced by a folding variant of α-lactalbumin

Apoptosis is essential to eliminate secretory epithelial cells during the involution of the mammary gland. The environmental regulation of this process is however, poorly understood. This study tested the effect of HAMLET (human -lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) on mammary cells. Plastic pellets containing HAMLET were implanted into the fourth inguinal mammary gland of lactating mice for 3 days. Exposure of mammary tissue to HAMLET resulted in morphological changes typical for apoptosis and in a stimulation of caspase-3 activity in alveolar epithelial cells near the HAMLET pellets but not more distant to the pellet or in contralateral glands. The effect was specific for HAMLET and no effects were observed when mammary glands were exposed to native a-lactalbumin or fatty acid alone. HAMLET also induced cell death in vitro in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. The results suggest that HAMLET can mediate apoptotic cell death in mammary gland tissue.Received 30 January 2004; received after revision 5 March 2004; accepted 16 March 2004     

Role of FGF-2／FGFR signaling pathway in cancer and its signification in breast cancer

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a member of a large family of proteins that bind heparin and heparan sulfate and modulate the function of a wide range of cell types. It has been proved that FGF-2 stimulates the growth and development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) that contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases (i.e. cancer, atherosclerosis). However, many of the biological activities of FGF-2 have been found to depend on its receptor抯 intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and second messengers such as the mitogen activated protein kinases. This review will focus on the mechanism of FGF-2/FGFR induced signaling pathway in tumor and human breast cancer.